Document Type

Post-Print

Publication Date

2016

Subjects

Air quality -- Environmental aspects, Carbon dioxide

Abstract

Elevated indoor CO2 levels are indicative of insufficient ventilation in occupied spaces and correlate with elevated concentrations of pollutants of indoor origin. Adverse health and well-being outcomes associated with elevated indoor CO2 levels are based on CO2 as a proxy, although some emerging evidence suggests CO2 itself may impact human cognition. Using portable monitors, we conducted an exposure study with 16 subjects in Singapore to understand the levels, dynamics and influencing factors of personal exposure to CO2. Participants carried a CO2 monitor continuously for 7-day periods recording their exposure levels at 1-min intervals. A recall diary was maintained of time-microenvironment-activity budget. We found that the mode of bedroom ventilation was a major determinant of CO2 exposure. Approximately half of the participants slept in bedrooms employing ductless split air-conditioners (group “AC”); half slept in bedrooms naturally ventilated through operable windows (group “NV”). Median CO2 exposure levels for AC vs. NV groups are significantly different ( = 650 ppm vs. = 550 ppm,p < 0.001). Mean daily integrated exposures for group AC were statistically higher than for group NV: 22,800 ppm h/d vs. 16,000 ppm h/d (p < 0.005). Exposure events associated with potential adverse cognitive implications (duration > 2.5 h, average CO2 mixing ratio > 1000 ppm) occurred, on average, at frequencies of 0.5 d−1 across all participants, 0.6 d−1 for AC participants and 0.2 d−1 for NV participants. The majority of such events occurred in the home (86%), followed by work (9%) and transit (3%).

Description

© 2016. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Building and Environment. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Building and Environment, Volume 104, pages 59-67 and can be found online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.04.021

DOI

10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.04.021

Persistent Identifier

http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/18475

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