1 00:00:06,530 --> 00:00:09,300 Okay. Welcome. Welcome to 2 00:00:09,300 --> 00:00:11,475 our third at this moment conversation. 3 00:00:11,475 --> 00:00:12,870 My name is Todd lows and steal 4 00:00:12,870 --> 00:00:14,175 him a biology professor, 5 00:00:14,175 --> 00:00:15,449 researcher and the Associate 6 00:00:15,449 --> 00:00:16,109 Dean of the College of 7 00:00:16,109 --> 00:00:18,749 Liberal Arts and Sciences here at PSU. 8 00:00:18,749 --> 00:00:20,820 Like all of us here in the audience, 9 00:00:20,820 --> 00:00:22,199 I too am sheltering at home. 10 00:00:22,199 --> 00:00:24,149 I'm sitting here at my kitchen table 11 00:00:24,149 --> 00:00:25,829 and in my PSU hoodie. 12 00:00:25,829 --> 00:00:26,999 By the way, I say this every week, 13 00:00:26,999 --> 00:00:28,440 but make sure this is a great time to get 14 00:00:28,440 --> 00:00:30,240 your PSU Goody and 15 00:00:30,240 --> 00:00:31,874 support Vikings. Go Vikings. 16 00:00:31,874 --> 00:00:33,390 And I'm looking forward, 17 00:00:33,390 --> 00:00:34,229 hopefully all of you, 18 00:00:34,229 --> 00:00:35,520 to spend the next hour talking 19 00:00:35,520 --> 00:00:36,810 to this great, amazing pap, 20 00:00:36,810 --> 00:00:38,220 a PSU professors that 21 00:00:38,220 --> 00:00:39,390 we've assembled to really 22 00:00:39,390 --> 00:00:40,830 help us think about the issues 23 00:00:40,830 --> 00:00:42,250 of covalent and climate. 24 00:00:42,250 --> 00:00:46,595 Great topic at this moment. 25 00:00:46,595 --> 00:00:48,049 So this is a pivot from what we've 26 00:00:48,049 --> 00:00:49,729 done in years past. 27 00:00:49,729 --> 00:00:52,369 So last, last week we had a moment 28 00:00:52,369 --> 00:00:53,720 talking about the role of 29 00:00:53,720 --> 00:00:55,369 staying at home and working at place. 30 00:00:55,369 --> 00:00:57,200 And this week we're going to pivot to sort of 31 00:00:57,200 --> 00:00:59,299 thinking about climate and cover change. 32 00:00:59,299 --> 00:01:00,799 So for those of you joining 33 00:01:00,799 --> 00:01:02,524 us for the first time, welcome. 34 00:01:02,524 --> 00:01:05,149 Based on comments from students and faculty, 35 00:01:05,149 --> 00:01:07,564 we decided to take a moment to, 36 00:01:07,564 --> 00:01:09,170 to create a community space to 37 00:01:09,170 --> 00:01:10,759 have a conversation to sort 38 00:01:10,759 --> 00:01:13,895 of every week to basically come together. 39 00:01:13,895 --> 00:01:16,400 And as I say, make sounded community lemonade 40 00:01:16,400 --> 00:01:18,245 from these coded ones 41 00:01:18,245 --> 00:01:19,654 that we've all been handed. 42 00:01:19,654 --> 00:01:20,990 So thank you for joining. 43 00:01:20,990 --> 00:01:22,670 Thank you for being part of this community. 44 00:01:22,670 --> 00:01:24,199 And I hope you agree that during 45 00:01:24,199 --> 00:01:26,269 this time and in this global pandemic, 46 00:01:26,269 --> 00:01:28,099 at least I believe that building 47 00:01:28,099 --> 00:01:29,540 community and celebrating 48 00:01:29,540 --> 00:01:30,890 the wide aspects of research and 49 00:01:30,890 --> 00:01:33,110 scholarship that we have at PSU, 50 00:01:33,110 --> 00:01:35,359 particularly as a public institution, 51 00:01:35,359 --> 00:01:36,950 is perhaps more important than 52 00:01:36,950 --> 00:01:39,349 ever for students in the audience. 53 00:01:39,349 --> 00:01:41,000 And I know looking at the list, on the, 54 00:01:41,000 --> 00:01:42,740 on the list of attendees here, 55 00:01:42,740 --> 00:01:44,224 there are a lot of students in the audience. 56 00:01:44,224 --> 00:01:45,665 Thank you for being here. 57 00:01:45,665 --> 00:01:47,465 We also hope the intend to 58 00:01:47,465 --> 00:01:49,519 forming this panel is to help demystify 59 00:01:49,519 --> 00:01:51,170 a little bit of how scholars and 60 00:01:51,170 --> 00:01:54,484 researchers are making sense at this moment. 61 00:01:54,484 --> 00:01:57,559 And so we hope you will take a moment 62 00:01:57,559 --> 00:01:58,790 later today to put 63 00:01:58,790 --> 00:02:00,380 some questions in the chat box. 64 00:02:00,380 --> 00:02:03,559 So we're gonna pivot this week to focus away 65 00:02:03,559 --> 00:02:05,030 from working at home and sort of 66 00:02:05,030 --> 00:02:07,115 instead focus on climate. 67 00:02:07,115 --> 00:02:08,990 So we're really fortunate to have 68 00:02:08,990 --> 00:02:11,990 three PSU, three members or RPS. 69 00:02:11,990 --> 00:02:12,455 You reach 70 00:02:12,455 --> 00:02:14,360 research community joining us today. 71 00:02:14,360 --> 00:02:16,730 Dr. Saharan descending. 72 00:02:16,730 --> 00:02:17,959 Ok. And I apologize. 73 00:02:17,959 --> 00:02:18,140 Good. 74 00:02:18,140 --> 00:02:20,600 I'm sure I've missed. Pronounce your name. 75 00:02:20,600 --> 00:02:22,340 Johanan. So Han is 76 00:02:22,340 --> 00:02:23,660 an environmental economist and as 77 00:02:23,660 --> 00:02:24,709 assistant professor 78 00:02:24,709 --> 00:02:27,410 of economics here at Portland State, 79 00:02:27,410 --> 00:02:28,924 we have Dr. Rose graves. 80 00:02:28,924 --> 00:02:30,080 Dr. Rose graves as 81 00:02:30,080 --> 00:02:31,640 a landscape ecologist and 82 00:02:31,640 --> 00:02:34,039 a post-doctoral scholar, a PSU, 83 00:02:34,039 --> 00:02:36,275 and has been jointly funded by 84 00:02:36,275 --> 00:02:37,519 a Portland State University 85 00:02:37,519 --> 00:02:39,244 and the Nature Conservancy of Oregon. 86 00:02:39,244 --> 00:02:40,430 And I am very happy to 87 00:02:40,430 --> 00:02:42,530 have Rhodes joining us both because 88 00:02:42,530 --> 00:02:44,330 of her expertise and because I think 89 00:02:44,330 --> 00:02:46,550 this xi represents a whole new chord of 90 00:02:46,550 --> 00:02:48,050 scholars that we've brought 91 00:02:48,050 --> 00:02:49,459 into the PSU community 92 00:02:49,459 --> 00:02:50,870 who bring some real level 93 00:02:50,870 --> 00:02:53,059 of research and scientific expertise. 94 00:02:53,059 --> 00:02:53,540 And then we can 95 00:02:53,540 --> 00:02:54,919 partner with community members 96 00:02:54,919 --> 00:02:56,390 to really find a way to 97 00:02:56,390 --> 00:02:58,189 translate that amazing science 98 00:02:58,189 --> 00:02:59,120 into sort of putting 99 00:02:59,120 --> 00:03:00,574 applied science into action. 100 00:03:00,574 --> 00:03:02,270 So thank you for joining us, 101 00:03:02,270 --> 00:03:03,980 Rose, and then finally Dr. Paul. 102 00:03:03,980 --> 00:03:05,570 I guess Dr. Paul like gifts as 103 00:03:05,570 --> 00:03:07,999 a climate scientist and assistant professor, 104 00:03:07,999 --> 00:03:10,294 I believe soon to be Associate Professor. 105 00:03:10,294 --> 00:03:12,874 In the PSUs, geography department. 106 00:03:12,874 --> 00:03:15,139 So our weekly form, it is very simple. 107 00:03:15,139 --> 00:03:16,220 Again, we try to keep this 108 00:03:16,220 --> 00:03:17,600 a very casual fair. 109 00:03:17,600 --> 00:03:19,550 Each palace we'll take a few minutes to 110 00:03:19,550 --> 00:03:21,260 introduce themselves, who they are, 111 00:03:21,260 --> 00:03:23,780 what they work on, what they teach preps in, 112 00:03:23,780 --> 00:03:24,485 what they work on it, 113 00:03:24,485 --> 00:03:26,480 PSU, and how they think about. 114 00:03:26,480 --> 00:03:28,040 And then we really ask them 115 00:03:28,040 --> 00:03:29,509 to reflect on a simple question, 116 00:03:29,509 --> 00:03:31,219 which is at this moment, 117 00:03:31,219 --> 00:03:32,810 you know, what are they thinking about 118 00:03:32,810 --> 00:03:34,159 as researchers and scholars? 119 00:03:34,159 --> 00:03:36,229 Perhaps? How has this global pandemic 120 00:03:36,229 --> 00:03:38,330 in climate crisis changed the way they are 121 00:03:38,330 --> 00:03:40,010 thinking about their own scholarship or 122 00:03:40,010 --> 00:03:41,554 scholarship that they may pursue 123 00:03:41,554 --> 00:03:42,859 going into the future. 124 00:03:42,859 --> 00:03:44,840 So after each one of those takes 125 00:03:44,840 --> 00:03:45,620 about eight minutes for 126 00:03:45,620 --> 00:03:47,105 each panelist to get through there. 127 00:03:47,105 --> 00:03:48,770 By about the halfway point of 128 00:03:48,770 --> 00:03:51,139 our today's 1-hour conversation. 129 00:03:51,139 --> 00:03:52,669 We'll then take questions. 130 00:03:52,669 --> 00:03:53,960 So the questions are 131 00:03:53,960 --> 00:03:55,669 two ways that you can introduce questions. 132 00:03:55,669 --> 00:03:57,590 And, and this is a very much designed to be 133 00:03:57,590 --> 00:03:59,480 an interactive exchange between 134 00:03:59,480 --> 00:04:00,860 the people listening in, 135 00:04:00,860 --> 00:04:03,004 the audience as well as our panelists. 136 00:04:03,004 --> 00:04:04,145 So please go ahead 137 00:04:04,145 --> 00:04:06,110 and please go ahead and post 138 00:04:06,110 --> 00:04:08,240 your questions in the chat box or 139 00:04:08,240 --> 00:04:09,080 in the Q and 140 00:04:09,080 --> 00:04:11,089 a link at the bottom of the webinar. 141 00:04:11,089 --> 00:04:12,889 And we have a whole team on the backend 142 00:04:12,889 --> 00:04:14,060 curating those questions and 143 00:04:14,060 --> 00:04:14,795 sending them to me. 144 00:04:14,795 --> 00:04:15,410 And then we'll work 145 00:04:15,410 --> 00:04:16,474 our way down the questions. 146 00:04:16,474 --> 00:04:18,154 I will tell you right away, we never 147 00:04:18,154 --> 00:04:19,999 are able to get through the entirety of 148 00:04:19,999 --> 00:04:22,249 all the questions because 149 00:04:22,249 --> 00:04:24,005 often they're really amazing questions, 150 00:04:24,005 --> 00:04:25,039 although we will do is 151 00:04:25,039 --> 00:04:26,509 we ask our panelists to 152 00:04:26,509 --> 00:04:27,890 help answer all the questions and then 153 00:04:27,890 --> 00:04:29,299 we'll email them back out to you. 154 00:04:29,299 --> 00:04:30,905 So after each panel we have been 155 00:04:30,905 --> 00:04:32,060 sending that answered him 156 00:04:32,060 --> 00:04:33,420 any of these questions, 157 00:04:33,420 --> 00:04:35,990 please ask as many questions as you can. 158 00:04:35,990 --> 00:04:37,669 It's a great part of this event. 159 00:04:37,669 --> 00:04:39,529 So whether you're like me, 160 00:04:39,529 --> 00:04:41,375 you know, you're sitting at a kitchen table. 161 00:04:41,375 --> 00:04:42,200 I happened to have 162 00:04:42,200 --> 00:04:43,490 a nice plate of brownies today, 163 00:04:43,490 --> 00:04:44,570 which is very exciting. 164 00:04:44,570 --> 00:04:45,379 Or perhaps you're 165 00:04:45,379 --> 00:04:46,490 probably not sitting outside, 166 00:04:46,490 --> 00:04:47,899 but maybe you're sitting on your couch or on 167 00:04:47,899 --> 00:04:49,234 your floor doing your dishes, 168 00:04:49,234 --> 00:04:50,555 playing with your children. 169 00:04:50,555 --> 00:04:52,130 I hope that you'll enjoy 170 00:04:52,130 --> 00:04:53,779 this next hour conversation. 171 00:04:53,779 --> 00:04:55,040 And I just really do want to 172 00:04:55,040 --> 00:04:56,599 say thank you for being here 173 00:04:56,599 --> 00:04:57,860 and thank you for being part 174 00:04:57,860 --> 00:04:59,644 of this coded conversation. 175 00:04:59,644 --> 00:05:01,640 So with that, I would like to 176 00:05:01,640 --> 00:05:04,745 begin today's show and introduce Dr. Paul. 177 00:05:04,745 --> 00:05:08,045 And Paul, take it away. Hey, thanks. 178 00:05:08,045 --> 00:05:10,670 Thanks everyone for joining. 179 00:05:10,670 --> 00:05:12,710 And I see somebody participate. 180 00:05:12,710 --> 00:05:14,630 Sums that very large community 181 00:05:14,630 --> 00:05:16,249 coming together around this. 182 00:05:16,249 --> 00:05:17,989 I'm happy to have the opportunity 183 00:05:17,989 --> 00:05:19,834 to speak with all of you. 184 00:05:19,834 --> 00:05:23,090 So I'm poet, as Tom mentioned. 185 00:05:23,090 --> 00:05:24,889 I consider myself a climate scientists that 186 00:05:24,889 --> 00:05:26,929 also consider myself a meteorologists. 187 00:05:26,929 --> 00:05:29,270 So my, my background going back to 188 00:05:29,270 --> 00:05:30,350 my undergraduates in 189 00:05:30,350 --> 00:05:31,594 meteorology, it's kind of, 190 00:05:31,594 --> 00:05:33,740 kind of a, whether or not that is 191 00:05:33,740 --> 00:05:36,649 what got me into the climate science realm. 192 00:05:36,649 --> 00:05:38,435 So a lot of my interests 193 00:05:38,435 --> 00:05:40,460 and Research planets revolve around 194 00:05:40,460 --> 00:05:42,830 that weather climate interface scale 195 00:05:42,830 --> 00:05:44,209 and kind of how that 196 00:05:44,209 --> 00:05:46,204 plays into climate change. 197 00:05:46,204 --> 00:05:48,170 Particular interests, for example, 198 00:05:48,170 --> 00:05:50,750 or how or extreme weather events 199 00:05:50,750 --> 00:05:52,729 being affected are going 200 00:05:52,729 --> 00:05:54,109 to be affected by climate change. 201 00:05:54,109 --> 00:05:57,169 So that's kinda this group of things that 202 00:05:57,169 --> 00:05:59,179 fascinate me that brightly 203 00:05:59,179 --> 00:06:01,114 and drive my research. 204 00:06:01,114 --> 00:06:02,780 I run a lab at PSU called 205 00:06:02,780 --> 00:06:04,129 the Climate Science Lab 206 00:06:04,129 --> 00:06:06,199 and share my screen here. 207 00:06:06,199 --> 00:06:08,510 Just the connect some faces with everyone. 208 00:06:08,510 --> 00:06:08,690 I know. 209 00:06:08,690 --> 00:06:10,864 Some of these people are in the audience 210 00:06:10,864 --> 00:06:13,340 and they deserve a lot of the credit. 211 00:06:13,340 --> 00:06:17,780 And I wanted to share any sort of credit 212 00:06:17,780 --> 00:06:18,964 in what we'll talk about 213 00:06:18,964 --> 00:06:20,194 what we do in the lab 214 00:06:20,194 --> 00:06:22,909 so they can get this side up to full screen? 215 00:06:22,909 --> 00:06:24,200 Yes. And the members 216 00:06:24,200 --> 00:06:25,474 of the Climate Science Lab, 217 00:06:25,474 --> 00:06:28,834 so Aereo postdoc, Johann, 218 00:06:28,834 --> 00:06:30,949 Valerie, Emily Graham, IRL 219 00:06:30,949 --> 00:06:33,440 graduate students and alums and undergrad, 220 00:06:33,440 --> 00:06:34,519 working with us on our way to 221 00:06:34,519 --> 00:06:36,019 University Washington next year. 222 00:06:36,019 --> 00:06:38,030 So Give a big shout 223 00:06:38,030 --> 00:06:39,109 out to the people that make 224 00:06:39,109 --> 00:06:40,969 all the research that we do in 225 00:06:40,969 --> 00:06:42,124 a climate scientist lab 226 00:06:42,124 --> 00:06:43,099 possible and use so 227 00:06:43,099 --> 00:06:44,704 much of the heavy lifting. 228 00:06:44,704 --> 00:06:45,770 And it's nice that it 229 00:06:45,770 --> 00:06:47,824 connects obeisance to that. 230 00:06:47,824 --> 00:06:49,189 And then if you have 231 00:06:49,189 --> 00:06:50,869 any difficult questions about 232 00:06:50,869 --> 00:06:53,960 climate science or what we do, 233 00:06:53,960 --> 00:06:55,685 maybe we can unmute them 234 00:06:55,685 --> 00:06:57,979 and they can answer those questions. 235 00:06:57,979 --> 00:07:00,170 I apologize for the dog barking 236 00:07:00,170 --> 00:07:02,600 the background at the door, 237 00:07:02,600 --> 00:07:05,569 closed them, PQR, something outside. 238 00:07:05,569 --> 00:07:07,639 All right, so, 239 00:07:07,639 --> 00:07:09,590 so to give kind of an overview of 240 00:07:09,590 --> 00:07:11,209 the kind of research that we do just to give 241 00:07:11,209 --> 00:07:12,260 some examples of some of the 242 00:07:12,260 --> 00:07:13,865 projects that we work on. 243 00:07:13,865 --> 00:07:15,620 And the things that I'm interested in, 244 00:07:15,620 --> 00:07:17,884 a lot of our work revolves around 245 00:07:17,884 --> 00:07:21,815 connecting large 246 00:07:21,815 --> 00:07:24,800 in scale atmosphere patterns with 247 00:07:24,800 --> 00:07:28,325 local in scale extreme events. 248 00:07:28,325 --> 00:07:31,340 So for example, setting the weather patterns 249 00:07:31,340 --> 00:07:34,565 and Dr. heat waves at very small scales. 250 00:07:34,565 --> 00:07:37,639 Studying weather patterns that dried extreme, 251 00:07:37,639 --> 00:07:39,230 extreme precipitation 252 00:07:39,230 --> 00:07:41,239 in local places that are 253 00:07:41,239 --> 00:07:43,820 maybe topographically complex and 254 00:07:43,820 --> 00:07:45,320 therefore difficult to resolve. 255 00:07:45,320 --> 00:07:47,719 And climate models, we apply 256 00:07:47,719 --> 00:07:49,009 machine learning techniques to 257 00:07:49,009 --> 00:07:51,094 sort through these weather patterns. 258 00:07:51,094 --> 00:07:53,240 And then we use all that as kind of a way to 259 00:07:53,240 --> 00:07:54,350 understand not just what's 260 00:07:54,350 --> 00:07:55,849 going on in the atmosphere, 261 00:07:55,849 --> 00:07:57,470 what drives these extreme events. 262 00:07:57,470 --> 00:07:58,879 But as a way to learn about how 263 00:07:58,879 --> 00:08:00,439 these extreme events be 264 00:08:00,439 --> 00:08:02,210 affected by a warming climate and weather, 265 00:08:02,210 --> 00:08:04,220 these driving patterns in the atmosphere, 266 00:08:04,220 --> 00:08:06,529 it themselves may be affected by 267 00:08:06,529 --> 00:08:08,240 a warming climate and therefore 268 00:08:08,240 --> 00:08:10,040 having an impact on the extremes. 269 00:08:10,040 --> 00:08:11,119 And we care about since they 270 00:08:11,119 --> 00:08:12,514 have such high impacts. 271 00:08:12,514 --> 00:08:14,525 So we have research 272 00:08:14,525 --> 00:08:16,429 with the City of Portland in particular. 273 00:08:16,429 --> 00:08:17,209 We've been working with 274 00:08:17,209 --> 00:08:18,259 the Portland water bureau. 275 00:08:18,259 --> 00:08:20,509 We've also worked with ES looking at 276 00:08:20,509 --> 00:08:22,955 extreme rainfall and the opposite of that, 277 00:08:22,955 --> 00:08:25,790 prolonged periods of dry conditions 278 00:08:25,790 --> 00:08:27,109 in the driving weather patterns. 279 00:08:27,109 --> 00:08:29,210 And using that as a way to learn 280 00:08:29,210 --> 00:08:31,729 about climate change 281 00:08:31,729 --> 00:08:33,500 and its potential impacts. 282 00:08:33,500 --> 00:08:36,064 There we look at 283 00:08:36,064 --> 00:08:37,699 weather patterns related to 284 00:08:37,699 --> 00:08:38,719 lightning outbreaks in 285 00:08:38,719 --> 00:08:40,385 the western US recently. 286 00:08:40,385 --> 00:08:42,259 Not so much of it getting 287 00:08:42,259 --> 00:08:44,390 a climate-change scalars as an understanding, 288 00:08:44,390 --> 00:08:46,250 sort of a fundamental understanding scale, 289 00:08:46,250 --> 00:08:47,720 which could help us 290 00:08:47,720 --> 00:08:49,894 understand climate change future research, 291 00:08:49,894 --> 00:08:50,464 we looked at 292 00:08:50,464 --> 00:08:52,319 temperature extremes and how they, 293 00:08:52,319 --> 00:08:54,649 they may be changing 294 00:08:54,649 --> 00:08:56,210 at faster or slower rates in 295 00:08:56,210 --> 00:08:57,889 different parts of the world depending on 296 00:08:57,889 --> 00:09:01,229 the underlying climatology of those places. 297 00:09:01,450 --> 00:09:04,940 I don't, I'm missing some projects here out. 298 00:09:04,940 --> 00:09:07,355 We have a project where we are looking kinda, 299 00:09:07,355 --> 00:09:07,610 this is 300 00:09:07,610 --> 00:09:09,739 kinda a little bit different category, 301 00:09:09,739 --> 00:09:11,780 looking at climate change and 302 00:09:11,780 --> 00:09:12,919 climate variability over 303 00:09:12,919 --> 00:09:14,584 the continent of South America. 304 00:09:14,584 --> 00:09:16,160 So we have a lot of these projects 305 00:09:16,160 --> 00:09:17,645 going on at a time, 306 00:09:17,645 --> 00:09:20,030 in some ways, broad sexual climate science. 307 00:09:20,030 --> 00:09:21,619 But they all bring in this, this, 308 00:09:21,619 --> 00:09:24,289 this sort of whether client interface 309 00:09:24,289 --> 00:09:25,849 driven by the motivation 310 00:09:25,849 --> 00:09:27,799 under understanding climate change, 311 00:09:27,799 --> 00:09:29,315 involve huge amounts of data, 312 00:09:29,315 --> 00:09:30,634 all computational. 313 00:09:30,634 --> 00:09:32,794 There's no field work that we do. 314 00:09:32,794 --> 00:09:34,460 And that's kind of a penalty over you 315 00:09:34,460 --> 00:09:37,820 above of what we, what we do. 316 00:09:37,820 --> 00:09:40,310 How I should mention too really 317 00:09:40,310 --> 00:09:42,154 pertinent to the West Coast, 318 00:09:42,154 --> 00:09:43,039 we had research 319 00:09:43,039 --> 00:09:44,300 looking at atmospheric rivers, 320 00:09:44,300 --> 00:09:47,360 which are weather phenomenon or 321 00:09:47,360 --> 00:09:48,935 receive a lot of attention, 322 00:09:48,935 --> 00:09:50,510 especially across the western US. 323 00:09:50,510 --> 00:09:51,889 But as a student, 324 00:09:51,889 --> 00:09:54,485 Emily who need beyond could tell you they're 325 00:09:54,485 --> 00:09:56,284 also important in other places 326 00:09:56,284 --> 00:09:57,469 including Eastern us. 327 00:09:57,469 --> 00:09:59,880 So we looked as well. 328 00:10:00,070 --> 00:10:05,435 So I guess the question that in this moment, 329 00:10:05,435 --> 00:10:08,389 so in some ways 330 00:10:08,389 --> 00:10:10,490 the kind of work that we do that kind of 331 00:10:10,490 --> 00:10:13,939 weren't bit that my lab does is we're 332 00:10:13,939 --> 00:10:15,290 a little bit fortunate in 333 00:10:15,290 --> 00:10:17,854 that everything we do is computational. 334 00:10:17,854 --> 00:10:19,700 And in a practical sense, 335 00:10:19,700 --> 00:10:21,680 that Doesn't this whole 336 00:10:21,680 --> 00:10:23,735 pandemic and shut down and being, 337 00:10:23,735 --> 00:10:25,880 being forced to work from home doesn't 338 00:10:25,880 --> 00:10:28,684 actually practically chains are research. 339 00:10:28,684 --> 00:10:31,265 Pat, and I know that is not true for a lot of 340 00:10:31,265 --> 00:10:34,190 my colleagues and I 341 00:10:34,190 --> 00:10:36,380 think we've all don't take that for granted. 342 00:10:36,380 --> 00:10:39,230 Week long into a CR and our data is there. 343 00:10:39,230 --> 00:10:40,910 And as long as we have the computer 344 00:10:40,910 --> 00:10:42,754 resources at home to, 345 00:10:42,754 --> 00:10:44,240 to access the data and 346 00:10:44,240 --> 00:10:46,370 process it in a way that we need to. 347 00:10:46,370 --> 00:10:48,109 We're kind of good to go. 348 00:10:48,109 --> 00:10:49,249 But that doesn't mean 349 00:10:49,249 --> 00:10:50,450 that we are dealing with 350 00:10:50,450 --> 00:10:52,205 some of the same challenges that, 351 00:10:52,205 --> 00:10:54,574 that, you know, everyone's dealing with. 352 00:10:54,574 --> 00:10:57,020 Where there my entire lab, 353 00:10:57,020 --> 00:10:58,909 we meet regularly via Zoom, 354 00:10:58,909 --> 00:11:00,110 but were not able to meet in 355 00:11:00,110 --> 00:11:02,059 person though an extremely 356 00:11:02,059 --> 00:11:03,319 and prefaced again with my, 357 00:11:03,319 --> 00:11:04,609 my lab listening on 358 00:11:04,609 --> 00:11:06,500 their ability to adapt 359 00:11:06,500 --> 00:11:08,674 to this and continue working and, 360 00:11:08,674 --> 00:11:11,180 and their maturity and handling estimate. 361 00:11:11,180 --> 00:11:12,919 I think we've all we've 362 00:11:12,919 --> 00:11:14,720 all been stressed by this, 363 00:11:14,720 --> 00:11:16,670 but we've been working really hard and, 364 00:11:16,670 --> 00:11:18,409 and just sort of persevering. 365 00:11:18,409 --> 00:11:19,940 And I'm really grateful 366 00:11:19,940 --> 00:11:21,469 for all of them, for helping, 367 00:11:21,469 --> 00:11:23,029 helping me and, and 368 00:11:23,029 --> 00:11:24,109 continuing to carry 369 00:11:24,109 --> 00:11:25,189 out the research that we do. 370 00:11:25,189 --> 00:11:27,009 So in that sense, it's 371 00:11:27,009 --> 00:11:27,800 a little weird because 372 00:11:27,800 --> 00:11:28,910 compared to some other things, 373 00:11:28,910 --> 00:11:29,719 we just haven't been 374 00:11:29,719 --> 00:11:31,324 disrupted in the same way. 375 00:11:31,324 --> 00:11:32,960 But there are things that we still have to 376 00:11:32,960 --> 00:11:34,535 adapt to and get new still. 377 00:11:34,535 --> 00:11:35,990 And so I think, you know, 378 00:11:35,990 --> 00:11:38,839 11 thing that I will probably take away from 379 00:11:38,839 --> 00:11:41,675 this experience is the importance 380 00:11:41,675 --> 00:11:43,609 of being able to be adaptable. 381 00:11:43,609 --> 00:11:45,124 And the importance of 382 00:11:45,124 --> 00:11:47,419 thinking about ways that you can deal 383 00:11:47,419 --> 00:11:49,519 with unexpected challenges but 384 00:11:49,519 --> 00:11:50,930 still continue the important 385 00:11:50,930 --> 00:11:52,310 work that you're doing. 386 00:11:52,310 --> 00:11:54,380 I think, you know, it's not something 387 00:11:54,380 --> 00:11:56,600 that we thought much about before this. 388 00:11:56,600 --> 00:11:57,919 We kind of had, you know, 389 00:11:57,919 --> 00:11:59,330 our best practices and 390 00:11:59,330 --> 00:12:01,610 we worked within that environment. 391 00:12:01,610 --> 00:12:04,130 Me, there's a lesson to be learned that, 392 00:12:04,130 --> 00:12:06,170 that may not always be the case. 393 00:12:06,170 --> 00:12:07,715 Can't always take that for granted. 394 00:12:07,715 --> 00:12:09,229 And being nimble and 395 00:12:09,229 --> 00:12:10,850 willing to adapt them to challenge, 396 00:12:10,850 --> 00:12:11,989 even though it can be really 397 00:12:11,989 --> 00:12:14,525 difficult, is super important. 398 00:12:14,525 --> 00:12:16,429 And there's just a number of things kind 399 00:12:16,429 --> 00:12:18,919 of thinking about parallels 400 00:12:18,919 --> 00:12:20,329 between this problem and 401 00:12:20,329 --> 00:12:21,859 climate change are huge 402 00:12:21,859 --> 00:12:23,164 number of different studies. 403 00:12:23,164 --> 00:12:24,830 And there are some parallels as well. 404 00:12:24,830 --> 00:12:26,719 And kind of thinking about what this could 405 00:12:26,719 --> 00:12:29,029 mean for decades to come, 406 00:12:29,029 --> 00:12:31,220 depending on how society, kind of, 407 00:12:31,220 --> 00:12:33,350 what direction things go in when it 408 00:12:33,350 --> 00:12:35,840 comes to how climate change could 409 00:12:35,840 --> 00:12:37,789 be or maybe won't be in any way 410 00:12:37,789 --> 00:12:40,520 changed by this, this pandemics. 411 00:12:40,520 --> 00:12:41,360 So those are kind of things 412 00:12:41,360 --> 00:12:42,380 I've been thinking about, 413 00:12:42,380 --> 00:12:43,730 maybe not directly related 414 00:12:43,730 --> 00:12:46,119 to active ongoing research, 415 00:12:46,119 --> 00:12:47,590 but things that are 416 00:12:47,590 --> 00:12:50,155 climate scientists call it ponders. 417 00:12:50,155 --> 00:12:52,825 Thank you for that, rose. 418 00:12:52,825 --> 00:12:58,914 Wonderful. Thank you. 419 00:12:58,914 --> 00:13:02,889 Thanks. Time first. 420 00:13:02,889 --> 00:13:04,719 Yeah. Thank you for having me 421 00:13:04,719 --> 00:13:06,970 as part of the piano and I'm excited 422 00:13:06,970 --> 00:13:08,799 to share a little bit of 423 00:13:08,799 --> 00:13:11,470 what I'm working on with the community 424 00:13:11,470 --> 00:13:14,530 and as well as 425 00:13:14,530 --> 00:13:16,240 just kind of being 426 00:13:16,240 --> 00:13:18,295 a part of this conversation, 427 00:13:18,295 --> 00:13:19,659 I think there's a lot of 428 00:13:19,659 --> 00:13:21,820 really interesting topics we can think 429 00:13:21,820 --> 00:13:23,710 about both as scientists 430 00:13:23,710 --> 00:13:25,660 working from home and what that means, 431 00:13:25,660 --> 00:13:29,704 but also In terms of how 432 00:13:29,704 --> 00:13:31,340 new normals might be 433 00:13:31,340 --> 00:13:32,659 set and what that might mean 434 00:13:32,659 --> 00:13:34,069 for climate and for 435 00:13:34,069 --> 00:13:35,735 conservation as we move forward. 436 00:13:35,735 --> 00:13:37,250 As Tom mentioned, I'm 437 00:13:37,250 --> 00:13:39,080 a landscape ecologist and I 438 00:13:39,080 --> 00:13:40,369 guess I also pitch myself 439 00:13:40,369 --> 00:13:42,409 as a conservation scientist. 440 00:13:42,409 --> 00:13:44,599 My research is generally 441 00:13:44,599 --> 00:13:45,769 centered and it applied 442 00:13:45,769 --> 00:13:47,629 conservation questions. 443 00:13:47,629 --> 00:13:51,169 And over the last decade or so, 444 00:13:51,169 --> 00:13:53,930 has primarily focused on biodiversity and 445 00:13:53,930 --> 00:13:55,310 ecosystem services 446 00:13:55,310 --> 00:13:57,365 in social-ecological systems. 447 00:13:57,365 --> 00:13:59,030 As a landscape ecologist, 448 00:13:59,030 --> 00:14:00,515 I approach that from 449 00:14:00,515 --> 00:14:02,450 a lot of different angles. 450 00:14:02,450 --> 00:14:04,249 It's for 451 00:14:04,249 --> 00:14:05,540 those of you who aren't familiar with 452 00:14:05,540 --> 00:14:08,330 landscape ecology, it's abroad box. 453 00:14:08,330 --> 00:14:12,274 So I can do things that are very tightly, 454 00:14:12,274 --> 00:14:14,644 kind of empirically field-based 455 00:14:14,644 --> 00:14:18,019 or larger computer-based modelling. 456 00:14:18,019 --> 00:14:20,855 And I really enjoy all aspects of that. 457 00:14:20,855 --> 00:14:23,329 Landscape ecology also draws a lot 458 00:14:23,329 --> 00:14:24,800 from the disciplines of 459 00:14:24,800 --> 00:14:26,569 geography as well as ecology. 460 00:14:26,569 --> 00:14:30,170 And so I can really 461 00:14:30,170 --> 00:14:31,789 think about how humans and 462 00:14:31,789 --> 00:14:33,919 the natural systems are connected. 463 00:14:33,919 --> 00:14:36,349 And it is an excellent fit 464 00:14:36,349 --> 00:14:37,534 for me because I tend to 465 00:14:37,534 --> 00:14:39,440 be interested in everything. 466 00:14:39,440 --> 00:14:42,170 So currently I am a postdoc, 467 00:14:42,170 --> 00:14:44,375 as Todd mentioned here at Portland State 468 00:14:44,375 --> 00:14:46,100 and working as well 469 00:14:46,100 --> 00:14:47,794 with the Nature Conservancy. 470 00:14:47,794 --> 00:14:49,189 Over the last year, 471 00:14:49,189 --> 00:14:52,159 I've been studying what the potential is for 472 00:14:52,159 --> 00:14:54,589 natural and worthy glands in Oregon to 473 00:14:54,589 --> 00:14:57,049 play a role in climate change mitigation. 474 00:14:57,049 --> 00:14:58,400 And this idea is termed 475 00:14:58,400 --> 00:14:59,989 national climate solutions. 476 00:14:59,989 --> 00:15:01,610 Unlike Polly, I don't have a ton 477 00:15:01,610 --> 00:15:03,109 of projects going on. 478 00:15:03,109 --> 00:15:05,360 So I can actually take some time and have 479 00:15:05,360 --> 00:15:06,514 some slides that are focused 480 00:15:06,514 --> 00:15:07,684 only on this project. 481 00:15:07,684 --> 00:15:08,450 So I'm going to walk you 482 00:15:08,450 --> 00:15:09,740 through that real quickly. 483 00:15:09,740 --> 00:15:11,360 Then I'll talk a little bit about 484 00:15:11,360 --> 00:15:14,539 how my thoughts about where 485 00:15:14,539 --> 00:15:15,889 this research is going has 486 00:15:15,889 --> 00:15:19,880 shifted given the current situation. 487 00:15:19,880 --> 00:15:21,424 Let's see if I can figure out how to 488 00:15:21,424 --> 00:15:24,209 share my screen again. 489 00:15:25,960 --> 00:15:29,749 Alright, so you should be seeing 490 00:15:29,749 --> 00:15:31,534 some slides up there 491 00:15:31,534 --> 00:15:33,139 in front of the other panelists. 492 00:15:33,139 --> 00:15:35,750 One, give me a thumbs-up, AUC. 493 00:15:35,750 --> 00:15:37,669 So as I mentioned, 494 00:15:37,669 --> 00:15:39,349 I've been focused on thinking about 495 00:15:39,349 --> 00:15:41,269 natural and working lands in Oregon. 496 00:15:41,269 --> 00:15:45,200 This is the idea that if we protect, restore, 497 00:15:45,200 --> 00:15:46,280 and change some of 498 00:15:46,280 --> 00:15:48,740 our practices on natural and working lands, 499 00:15:48,740 --> 00:15:50,014 we can either increase 500 00:15:50,014 --> 00:15:51,919 carbon sequestration or reduced 501 00:15:51,919 --> 00:15:53,240 the greenhouse gas emissions. 502 00:15:53,240 --> 00:15:54,499 And that can help in 503 00:15:54,499 --> 00:15:56,765 some way to mitigate climate change. 504 00:15:56,765 --> 00:15:59,000 There's been a couple of 505 00:15:59,000 --> 00:16:00,769 kinda big splashy papers over 506 00:16:00,769 --> 00:16:02,450 the last five years that have looked 507 00:16:02,450 --> 00:16:04,249 at this at global and national scales. 508 00:16:04,249 --> 00:16:05,929 And we were really curious to see 509 00:16:05,929 --> 00:16:08,974 what role changing activities and 510 00:16:08,974 --> 00:16:10,790 Oregon can play based on 511 00:16:10,790 --> 00:16:12,920 the particular realities of 512 00:16:12,920 --> 00:16:14,450 the biophysical and social 513 00:16:14,450 --> 00:16:16,489 landscape here in Oregon. 514 00:16:16,489 --> 00:16:20,510 And so what we did is we modeled over 515 00:16:20,510 --> 00:16:24,649 the next 30 years from 2020 to 2050. 516 00:16:24,649 --> 00:16:26,119 What would happen if 517 00:16:26,119 --> 00:16:31,489 we And change some 518 00:16:31,489 --> 00:16:32,749 of the activities that we're doing. 519 00:16:32,749 --> 00:16:33,950 And so this is the suite of 520 00:16:33,950 --> 00:16:36,574 activities that we, we model. 521 00:16:36,574 --> 00:16:37,880 And we looked at what would 522 00:16:37,880 --> 00:16:39,004 happen if we reduced 523 00:16:39,004 --> 00:16:42,290 concert conversion of particular things 524 00:16:42,290 --> 00:16:44,359 like forests and grasslands. 525 00:16:44,359 --> 00:16:46,519 So we're looking at not converting those 526 00:16:46,519 --> 00:16:51,079 to urban or agricultural uses. 527 00:16:51,079 --> 00:16:53,359 Increased restoration has, let's say, 528 00:16:53,359 --> 00:16:54,800 fresh step and riparian 529 00:16:54,800 --> 00:16:57,289 forest and tidal wetlands, 530 00:16:57,289 --> 00:16:59,184 delaying timber harvests, 531 00:16:59,184 --> 00:17:00,949 reducing nitrogen fertilizer, 532 00:17:00,949 --> 00:17:02,000 and increasing some of 533 00:17:02,000 --> 00:17:04,549 the carbon sequestering activities 534 00:17:04,549 --> 00:17:05,974 on agricultural lands. 535 00:17:05,974 --> 00:17:07,190 And what we did is we looked 536 00:17:07,190 --> 00:17:08,390 at what if we did 537 00:17:08,390 --> 00:17:11,030 that kind of a limited way 538 00:17:11,030 --> 00:17:13,369 in a moderate implementation, 539 00:17:13,369 --> 00:17:16,370 in, in a really ambitious implementation over 540 00:17:16,370 --> 00:17:18,050 a 30-year time period is 541 00:17:18,050 --> 00:17:20,225 we're super hypothetical scenarios. 542 00:17:20,225 --> 00:17:22,040 They weren't designed to follow 543 00:17:22,040 --> 00:17:24,844 any particular policy or anything like that. 544 00:17:24,844 --> 00:17:26,570 It was really just an exercise 545 00:17:26,570 --> 00:17:28,684 of if we push it to the limit, 546 00:17:28,684 --> 00:17:31,010 what do we think we might get in terms of 547 00:17:31,010 --> 00:17:33,140 increased carbon sequestration or 548 00:17:33,140 --> 00:17:37,020 greenhouse gas emission reductions. 549 00:17:38,950 --> 00:17:41,870 And I think I'm not 550 00:17:41,870 --> 00:17:43,849 going to go through the results very 551 00:17:43,849 --> 00:17:47,359 much except to say that one of 552 00:17:47,359 --> 00:17:48,859 the really exciting things to us 553 00:17:48,859 --> 00:17:53,270 was that taken together, 554 00:17:53,270 --> 00:17:55,460 all of these natural climate solutions 555 00:17:55,460 --> 00:17:57,185 in Oregon really did have 556 00:17:57,185 --> 00:18:01,010 potential to add to 557 00:18:01,010 --> 00:18:02,480 the fossil fuel mitigations 558 00:18:02,480 --> 00:18:04,295 needed when the state of Oregon. 559 00:18:04,295 --> 00:18:07,369 So what we found was that taken together over 560 00:18:07,369 --> 00:18:09,230 those different scenarios over 561 00:18:09,230 --> 00:18:10,924 the 30-year time period, 562 00:18:10,924 --> 00:18:12,349 we could see 20 to 563 00:18:12,349 --> 00:18:13,969 60% of the additional 564 00:18:13,969 --> 00:18:15,380 reductions that we need to 565 00:18:15,380 --> 00:18:17,840 reach net 0 emissions 566 00:18:17,840 --> 00:18:20,809 from the state of Oregon by 2050. 567 00:18:20,809 --> 00:18:22,610 I can talk a lot about 568 00:18:22,610 --> 00:18:24,799 the details of this, but I'm not going to. 569 00:18:24,799 --> 00:18:26,210 One of the things that was 570 00:18:26,210 --> 00:18:28,280 really important to notice is 571 00:18:28,280 --> 00:18:29,749 that in addition to 572 00:18:29,749 --> 00:18:31,399 all of the fossil fuel mitigation, 573 00:18:31,399 --> 00:18:33,575 and that doesn't change. 574 00:18:33,575 --> 00:18:37,610 So I don't have 575 00:18:37,610 --> 00:18:39,170 time to go through all the details. 576 00:18:39,170 --> 00:18:40,820 I think one of the pieces that 577 00:18:40,820 --> 00:18:43,039 was most exciting to us was that 578 00:18:43,039 --> 00:18:45,754 there's a role for natural and working lands 579 00:18:45,754 --> 00:18:47,630 in the climate conversation 580 00:18:47,630 --> 00:18:48,799 at the state scale. 581 00:18:48,799 --> 00:18:49,940 So when we start thinking 582 00:18:49,940 --> 00:18:53,329 about climate mitigation activities, 583 00:18:53,329 --> 00:18:55,310 in where again, there's a place for 584 00:18:55,310 --> 00:18:58,919 natural and working lands to be at the table. 585 00:18:59,890 --> 00:19:03,919 When we start thinking about what to do next. 586 00:19:03,919 --> 00:19:05,765 I will show you 587 00:19:05,765 --> 00:19:08,809 what my plan future research was, right? 588 00:19:08,809 --> 00:19:13,054 So i was then, you know, we, 589 00:19:13,054 --> 00:19:16,069 we created this hypothetical scenarios and 590 00:19:16,069 --> 00:19:18,889 question that immediately follows 591 00:19:18,889 --> 00:19:19,730 after something like 592 00:19:19,730 --> 00:19:21,140 a hypothetical scenario is, 593 00:19:21,140 --> 00:19:22,984 how likely is that scenario? 594 00:19:22,984 --> 00:19:25,354 How likely are we to 595 00:19:25,354 --> 00:19:26,720 move the needle in 596 00:19:26,720 --> 00:19:28,339 any way in terms of getting 597 00:19:28,339 --> 00:19:30,919 landowners or managers to adopt any of 598 00:19:30,919 --> 00:19:33,380 these natural climate solution practices 599 00:19:33,380 --> 00:19:35,000 and under what conditions. 600 00:19:35,000 --> 00:19:36,214 And so we had planned, 601 00:19:36,214 --> 00:19:37,429 I am a pretty 602 00:19:37,429 --> 00:19:39,860 major stakeholder outreach program 603 00:19:39,860 --> 00:19:42,020 that was initially going 604 00:19:42,020 --> 00:19:43,684 to start a little earlier. 605 00:19:43,684 --> 00:19:47,345 And some of the pieces that 606 00:19:47,345 --> 00:19:49,940 I'm grappling with in 607 00:19:49,940 --> 00:19:53,105 terms of this kind of research. 608 00:19:53,105 --> 00:19:57,380 And the COBIT era are two major pieces. 609 00:19:57,380 --> 00:20:04,025 One is So we had initially envisioned 610 00:20:04,025 --> 00:20:06,829 a social science project 611 00:20:06,829 --> 00:20:08,659 where we would reach out to a number 612 00:20:08,659 --> 00:20:09,890 of landowners and kind 613 00:20:09,890 --> 00:20:11,809 of run some experiments 614 00:20:11,809 --> 00:20:15,574 with them around land management scenarios. 615 00:20:15,574 --> 00:20:18,800 Part of that is challenged because of 616 00:20:18,800 --> 00:20:21,919 the the need to have some people in 617 00:20:21,919 --> 00:20:23,825 a room to get 618 00:20:23,825 --> 00:20:28,250 mailing pieces together to send out surveys. 619 00:20:28,250 --> 00:20:29,825 So that's just been delayed. 620 00:20:29,825 --> 00:20:30,830 The other piece that's really 621 00:20:30,830 --> 00:20:32,419 interesting for me to think about 622 00:20:32,419 --> 00:20:33,710 is the context in 623 00:20:33,710 --> 00:20:35,269 which we'd be serving people. 624 00:20:35,269 --> 00:20:36,380 So initially when we 625 00:20:36,380 --> 00:20:38,029 thought about this and we thought about 626 00:20:38,029 --> 00:20:39,590 people changing how they 627 00:20:39,590 --> 00:20:42,109 were thinking about land management. 628 00:20:42,109 --> 00:20:43,879 We did not envision 629 00:20:43,879 --> 00:20:46,670 anything like a global recession and 630 00:20:46,670 --> 00:20:48,829 the economic ramifications of 631 00:20:48,829 --> 00:20:51,380 that on land managers. 632 00:20:51,380 --> 00:20:53,239 And so now as we think 633 00:20:53,239 --> 00:20:55,669 about surveying people about 634 00:20:55,669 --> 00:20:57,320 their land management practices 635 00:20:57,320 --> 00:20:58,580 and how that might interact 636 00:20:58,580 --> 00:21:02,210 with climate friendly kinds of management. 637 00:21:02,210 --> 00:21:04,129 We're thinking a lot about 638 00:21:04,129 --> 00:21:05,720 the context in which 639 00:21:05,720 --> 00:21:08,164 we're asking that question. 640 00:21:08,164 --> 00:21:10,369 And so I think that from 641 00:21:10,369 --> 00:21:11,689 a personal standpoint is the 642 00:21:11,689 --> 00:21:13,714 most, It's kind of salient. 643 00:21:13,714 --> 00:21:16,655 How is this changing my immediate research? 644 00:21:16,655 --> 00:21:18,635 The other big part of it 645 00:21:18,635 --> 00:21:20,449 is that I am working from home 646 00:21:20,449 --> 00:21:22,820 with a nine month old and that has changed 647 00:21:22,820 --> 00:21:23,990 my capacity to do 648 00:21:23,990 --> 00:21:26,014 the research for the majorly. 649 00:21:26,014 --> 00:21:29,299 So I I fight about 650 00:21:29,299 --> 00:21:31,160 4.5 hours that are fairly 651 00:21:31,160 --> 00:21:33,535 interrupted throughout the day to, 652 00:21:33,535 --> 00:21:35,525 to do my research in. 653 00:21:35,525 --> 00:21:38,629 And that has its own particular challenges 654 00:21:38,629 --> 00:21:39,709 that I think are really, 655 00:21:39,709 --> 00:21:42,335 really clear for 656 00:21:42,335 --> 00:21:44,495 potentially especially 657 00:21:44,495 --> 00:21:46,580 early career researchers. 658 00:21:46,580 --> 00:21:48,349 And that's something that I've been 659 00:21:48,349 --> 00:21:50,045 thinking a lot about now, is, 660 00:21:50,045 --> 00:21:52,699 is where early career researchers 661 00:21:52,699 --> 00:21:55,999 and non traditional students 662 00:21:55,999 --> 00:21:58,865 and those types of 663 00:21:58,865 --> 00:22:01,969 scientists are in their careers. 664 00:22:01,969 --> 00:22:03,739 And how something like 665 00:22:03,739 --> 00:22:07,369 this current challenge to working from home, 666 00:22:07,369 --> 00:22:08,869 despite whether I can 667 00:22:08,869 --> 00:22:11,555 interact with my data remotely or not, 668 00:22:11,555 --> 00:22:13,489 what that really means in terms 669 00:22:13,489 --> 00:22:15,709 of moving forward in our careers. 670 00:22:15,709 --> 00:22:17,689 So I think I'll leave it at 671 00:22:17,689 --> 00:22:20,060 that and go from there. 672 00:22:20,060 --> 00:22:21,379 Thank you so much and 673 00:22:21,379 --> 00:22:22,369 thank you for sharing that and 674 00:22:22,369 --> 00:22:25,379 it's an important point. So on. 675 00:22:26,560 --> 00:22:30,080 Thank you for organizing 676 00:22:30,080 --> 00:22:32,149 this and Christina and 677 00:22:32,149 --> 00:22:33,979 Christopher actually coordinating everything. 678 00:22:33,979 --> 00:22:35,929 I'm Sam the Sinai 679 00:22:35,929 --> 00:22:37,310 and told you they did very good 680 00:22:37,310 --> 00:22:38,750 pronunciation of my last name. 681 00:22:38,750 --> 00:22:40,235 So kudos to that. 682 00:22:40,235 --> 00:22:43,205 I am an environmental economist 683 00:22:43,205 --> 00:22:45,020 in the economics department 684 00:22:45,020 --> 00:22:46,024 at poached and state. 685 00:22:46,024 --> 00:22:47,630 I'm also the Director for 686 00:22:47,630 --> 00:22:49,864 the Graduate Certificate in sustainability. 687 00:22:49,864 --> 00:22:51,174 So there may be some of you were 688 00:22:51,174 --> 00:22:52,220 actually going through 689 00:22:52,220 --> 00:22:53,450 that's associated with 690 00:22:53,450 --> 00:22:55,490 the graduate certificate program. 691 00:22:55,490 --> 00:22:59,644 And when I talk to folks about my work, 692 00:22:59,644 --> 00:23:03,965 one of the things that typically come up is, 693 00:23:03,965 --> 00:23:06,290 oh, you're an economist and you're doing 694 00:23:06,290 --> 00:23:07,849 environmental stuff that doesn't 695 00:23:07,849 --> 00:23:09,665 always go together. 696 00:23:09,665 --> 00:23:12,589 And there are a group 697 00:23:12,589 --> 00:23:14,900 of economists that focus their efforts 698 00:23:14,900 --> 00:23:16,369 on trying to think about how to use 699 00:23:16,369 --> 00:23:18,139 economic models to better 700 00:23:18,139 --> 00:23:20,150 understand environmental situation, right? 701 00:23:20,150 --> 00:23:21,920 So, so Environmental Economics, 702 00:23:21,920 --> 00:23:23,929 Resource Economics broadly, 703 00:23:23,929 --> 00:23:25,489 it's this idea of trying to apply 704 00:23:25,489 --> 00:23:27,980 tools, methods from economics, 705 00:23:27,980 --> 00:23:29,420 which is about trying to understand 706 00:23:29,420 --> 00:23:31,265 how the social aspects 707 00:23:31,265 --> 00:23:35,509 of sorted world work. 708 00:23:35,509 --> 00:23:36,830 Thinking about how we 709 00:23:36,830 --> 00:23:37,759 interact with each other, 710 00:23:37,759 --> 00:23:39,170 thinking about how markets work, 711 00:23:39,170 --> 00:23:41,780 thinking about how we produce, we consume. 712 00:23:41,780 --> 00:23:43,729 But looking at those tools and applying 713 00:23:43,729 --> 00:23:45,110 each environmental and resource kind 714 00:23:45,110 --> 00:23:45,739 of situation. 715 00:23:45,739 --> 00:23:47,615 So sometimes I think, 716 00:23:47,615 --> 00:23:49,489 joking me that I'm the good kind of 717 00:23:49,489 --> 00:23:50,629 an economist because I'm using 718 00:23:50,629 --> 00:23:51,860 this economic models, 719 00:23:51,860 --> 00:23:54,410 think about solving environmental issues. 720 00:23:54,410 --> 00:23:57,605 And a lot of those models tend to be about 721 00:23:57,605 --> 00:23:59,600 efficiency at thinking about 722 00:23:59,600 --> 00:24:01,699 how that's what economists focus on. 723 00:24:01,699 --> 00:24:03,079 How, how best can you 724 00:24:03,079 --> 00:24:04,774 use your limited resources? 725 00:24:04,774 --> 00:24:06,529 And a lot of what environmental economists 726 00:24:06,529 --> 00:24:07,580 are trying to do is try to think 727 00:24:07,580 --> 00:24:09,830 about these kind of models and 728 00:24:09,830 --> 00:24:11,254 tools and apply them to 729 00:24:11,254 --> 00:24:12,694 environmental situations. 730 00:24:12,694 --> 00:24:15,139 Think about how things 731 00:24:15,139 --> 00:24:15,980 that I ignored in 732 00:24:15,980 --> 00:24:17,150 our typical economic system, 733 00:24:17,150 --> 00:24:19,369 like air pollution, 734 00:24:19,369 --> 00:24:21,110 how can we bring those impacts 735 00:24:21,110 --> 00:24:22,699 back into decision-making? 736 00:24:22,699 --> 00:24:26,150 And so my work broadly struggles all of this. 737 00:24:26,150 --> 00:24:27,470 But at, at my core, 738 00:24:27,470 --> 00:24:28,580 I think of myself as 739 00:24:28,580 --> 00:24:31,234 an economist that studies conservation. 740 00:24:31,234 --> 00:24:33,710 So I do a lot of work that's 741 00:24:33,710 --> 00:24:35,059 focused on land conservation, 742 00:24:35,059 --> 00:24:36,305 species conservation, 743 00:24:36,305 --> 00:24:37,759 a little bit of a work 744 00:24:37,759 --> 00:24:39,589 that revolves around energy. 745 00:24:39,589 --> 00:24:41,375 But I'm, I'm somebody that 746 00:24:41,375 --> 00:24:43,534 within this field of environmental economics, 747 00:24:43,534 --> 00:24:45,769 if you thought about a group of people who 748 00:24:45,769 --> 00:24:48,349 focused on land conservation species, 749 00:24:48,349 --> 00:24:50,540 yet the benefits that we get from nature. 750 00:24:50,540 --> 00:24:51,844 So ROS used this word 751 00:24:51,844 --> 00:24:53,780 sorted ecosystem services, right? 752 00:24:53,780 --> 00:24:54,890 And so what I ecosystem 753 00:24:54,890 --> 00:24:55,984 services, that these ideas, 754 00:24:55,984 --> 00:24:56,840 what are the benefits 755 00:24:56,840 --> 00:24:57,740 that we actually get from 756 00:24:57,740 --> 00:24:59,869 nature and the alarm? 757 00:24:59,869 --> 00:25:01,069 And work focuses on how do 758 00:25:01,069 --> 00:25:02,359 we actually create policies? 759 00:25:02,359 --> 00:25:04,369 How do we find the values of these kinds of 760 00:25:04,369 --> 00:25:06,500 ecosystem services and bring 761 00:25:06,500 --> 00:25:08,180 that into our decision-making contexts. 762 00:25:08,180 --> 00:25:10,459 Because if we don't have an understanding of 763 00:25:10,459 --> 00:25:11,749 the values that people have for 764 00:25:11,749 --> 00:25:13,805 nature and the benefits, 765 00:25:13,805 --> 00:25:15,904 we're not going to try to protected. 766 00:25:15,904 --> 00:25:17,300 It sort of gets left out 767 00:25:17,300 --> 00:25:18,830 of the decision-making context. 768 00:25:18,830 --> 00:25:20,089 So part of my work is 769 00:25:20,089 --> 00:25:22,205 this idea of what's called valuation. 770 00:25:22,205 --> 00:25:24,080 Trying to put values and understand 771 00:25:24,080 --> 00:25:25,384 people's preferences 772 00:25:25,384 --> 00:25:27,845 for nature and for ecosystems. 773 00:25:27,845 --> 00:25:29,719 And then another part of my work 774 00:25:29,719 --> 00:25:31,669 actually looks at how do we use 775 00:25:31,669 --> 00:25:33,079 that kind of information to think are 776 00:25:33,079 --> 00:25:34,310 optimally providing 777 00:25:34,310 --> 00:25:35,645 these kinds of resources, right? 778 00:25:35,645 --> 00:25:37,609 What can we do once 779 00:25:37,609 --> 00:25:38,599 we have this information 780 00:25:38,599 --> 00:25:39,680 to think about where do, 781 00:25:39,680 --> 00:25:41,299 where we should target 782 00:25:41,299 --> 00:25:42,905 our conservation efforts or 783 00:25:42,905 --> 00:25:44,149 how many species we want to try 784 00:25:44,149 --> 00:25:45,560 to predict in a certain area. 785 00:25:45,560 --> 00:25:47,330 And some of the more recent work 786 00:25:47,330 --> 00:25:49,339 in this area actually looks at climate. 787 00:25:49,339 --> 00:25:52,324 How does climate uncertainty actually impacts 788 00:25:52,324 --> 00:25:53,630 the kinds of decisions we 789 00:25:53,630 --> 00:25:55,460 want to make about conservation. 790 00:25:55,460 --> 00:25:58,430 So if you think about habitats changing, 791 00:25:58,430 --> 00:26:01,250 if you think about home ranges changing, 792 00:26:01,250 --> 00:26:02,719 all sort of the idea 793 00:26:02,719 --> 00:26:03,890 that you might want to have 794 00:26:03,890 --> 00:26:06,140 connectivity as part of 795 00:26:06,140 --> 00:26:07,760 a way to establish 796 00:26:07,760 --> 00:26:09,259 a protected areas will belong to. 797 00:26:09,259 --> 00:26:10,160 How do we actually do that? 798 00:26:10,160 --> 00:26:11,524 How do we come up with policies? 799 00:26:11,524 --> 00:26:12,980 How do we work on the landscape 800 00:26:12,980 --> 00:26:14,569 to achieve these kinds of outcomes? 801 00:26:14,569 --> 00:26:15,950 So a lot of my work focus on 802 00:26:15,950 --> 00:26:18,019 these these kind of aspects. 803 00:26:18,019 --> 00:26:19,999 I'd worked on a, 804 00:26:19,999 --> 00:26:22,399 on a DoD grant looking at go for 805 00:26:22,399 --> 00:26:23,029 tortoises and 806 00:26:23,029 --> 00:26:25,925 connectivity in the Southwest US. 807 00:26:25,925 --> 00:26:27,799 We've been doing more work 808 00:26:27,799 --> 00:26:30,199 related to climate and land conservation, 809 00:26:30,199 --> 00:26:31,580 thinking about coastal areas 810 00:26:31,580 --> 00:26:32,584 and sea level rise. 811 00:26:32,584 --> 00:26:34,219 And then what actually happens 812 00:26:34,219 --> 00:26:36,110 when you have rising sea levels. 813 00:26:36,110 --> 00:26:39,364 And the impacts that it has on coastal areas. 814 00:26:39,364 --> 00:26:41,570 Again, thinking about land conservation. 815 00:26:41,570 --> 00:26:43,399 So there's some of my work that actually 816 00:26:43,399 --> 00:26:45,545 tries to look at this from a climate angle. 817 00:26:45,545 --> 00:26:48,830 And some of the more recent work has looked 818 00:26:48,830 --> 00:26:50,314 internationally at 819 00:26:50,314 --> 00:26:53,029 these programs called Red programs, 820 00:26:53,029 --> 00:26:54,470 which I effectively paying 821 00:26:54,470 --> 00:26:57,230 people to stop deforesting, right? 822 00:26:57,230 --> 00:26:58,790 So the idea here is that you'd have sort 823 00:26:58,790 --> 00:27:00,380 of a global fund that 824 00:27:00,380 --> 00:27:01,669 would actually pay countries 825 00:27:01,669 --> 00:27:03,664 to improve carbon sequestration. 826 00:27:03,664 --> 00:27:04,984 So we've been doing work 827 00:27:04,984 --> 00:27:07,130 with Randy Blackstone who's also at, 828 00:27:07,130 --> 00:27:08,090 at potent state here 829 00:27:08,090 --> 00:27:09,364 and economics department. 830 00:27:09,364 --> 00:27:10,609 We've been doing some work 831 00:27:10,609 --> 00:27:12,140 in Nepal, in Ethiopia, 832 00:27:12,140 --> 00:27:13,069 trying to think about 833 00:27:13,069 --> 00:27:14,434 preventing deforestation, 834 00:27:14,434 --> 00:27:16,430 but also things like improve firewood stoves. 835 00:27:16,430 --> 00:27:19,715 And can they be a way to go to reduce less, 836 00:27:19,715 --> 00:27:21,289 to produce less carbon emission. 837 00:27:21,289 --> 00:27:22,490 So, so a lot of that looking 838 00:27:22,490 --> 00:27:24,679 at these deforestation ideas. 839 00:27:24,679 --> 00:27:26,569 So the NFO, all of 840 00:27:26,569 --> 00:27:28,669 this work looks at eliciting preferences, 841 00:27:28,669 --> 00:27:28,970 right? 842 00:27:28,970 --> 00:27:30,394 What kind of contracts work? 843 00:27:30,394 --> 00:27:32,300 What kinds of policies would 844 00:27:32,300 --> 00:27:34,535 work best to try to protect land? 845 00:27:34,535 --> 00:27:36,454 So I do a lot of survey work 846 00:27:36,454 --> 00:27:40,130 and I've done so, 847 00:27:40,130 --> 00:27:42,089 we work so fine 848 00:27:42,089 --> 00:27:43,879 every continent except for Australia. 849 00:27:43,879 --> 00:27:46,700 And this is a time that's very 850 00:27:46,700 --> 00:27:49,774 difficult to do any kind of survey work. 851 00:27:49,774 --> 00:27:51,410 So if you're thinking about doing so, 852 00:27:51,410 --> 00:27:52,430 there's two aspects to this. 853 00:27:52,430 --> 00:27:53,990 One is the logistical aspects of this. 854 00:27:53,990 --> 00:27:55,160 The other one is if you're trying 855 00:27:55,160 --> 00:27:56,419 to do survey work, 856 00:27:56,419 --> 00:27:57,620 we're trying where you're trying 857 00:27:57,620 --> 00:27:59,540 to understand how people 858 00:27:59,540 --> 00:28:02,900 value the benefits you get from nature. 859 00:28:02,900 --> 00:28:05,404 And you're looking at a situation where 860 00:28:05,404 --> 00:28:08,210 unemployment is like over 30 million, right? 861 00:28:08,210 --> 00:28:10,190 And there's huge income shocks, 862 00:28:10,190 --> 00:28:14,749 then that's not really a time where you can 863 00:28:14,749 --> 00:28:17,420 two surveys get information and 864 00:28:17,420 --> 00:28:18,979 then think about external validity 865 00:28:18,979 --> 00:28:20,060 of those outcomes, right? 866 00:28:20,060 --> 00:28:21,830 So the information that we find now is, 867 00:28:21,830 --> 00:28:23,465 is not an indication of, 868 00:28:23,465 --> 00:28:24,860 I hope it's not an indication 869 00:28:24,860 --> 00:28:26,780 of the world in the future, right? 870 00:28:26,780 --> 00:28:28,865 We're gonna get, get over this 871 00:28:28,865 --> 00:28:31,220 in a few months, perhaps by next year. 872 00:28:31,220 --> 00:28:33,319 And but then we 873 00:28:33,319 --> 00:28:34,520 want to think about how are we doing 874 00:28:34,520 --> 00:28:35,959 these surveys now in 875 00:28:35,959 --> 00:28:37,820 a situation that's not very replicatable, 876 00:28:37,820 --> 00:28:39,170 that's not going to be very useful. 877 00:28:39,170 --> 00:28:40,910 So that's been one of the challenges 878 00:28:40,910 --> 00:28:42,725 that we've been actually dealing with. 879 00:28:42,725 --> 00:28:45,259 I'm working on a Forest 880 00:28:45,259 --> 00:28:46,550 Service grant where we're 881 00:28:46,550 --> 00:28:48,049 trying to actually think about the value of 882 00:28:48,049 --> 00:28:50,330 urban parks in and around Portland. 883 00:28:50,330 --> 00:28:52,520 But we've put the survey on hold because 884 00:28:52,520 --> 00:28:54,739 what can we do right 885 00:28:54,739 --> 00:28:56,030 now given that people are not 886 00:28:56,030 --> 00:28:57,440 going to parks and 887 00:28:57,440 --> 00:29:00,289 to income shocks. So same idea. 888 00:29:00,289 --> 00:29:02,780 We're doing a project with USDA on valuing 889 00:29:02,780 --> 00:29:04,130 grasslands and sorted by 890 00:29:04,130 --> 00:29:06,020 some restoration programs nationally. 891 00:29:06,020 --> 00:29:07,504 And again, you have this issue 892 00:29:07,504 --> 00:29:10,610 where you can't do large surveys and ask 893 00:29:10,610 --> 00:29:12,829 people about values and benefits because of 894 00:29:12,829 --> 00:29:15,574 what's happening with income shots. 895 00:29:15,574 --> 00:29:16,879 So that all that work's 896 00:29:16,879 --> 00:29:18,784 actually gotten sort of push back. 897 00:29:18,784 --> 00:29:20,780 We are trying to sort of look 898 00:29:20,780 --> 00:29:22,414 at this also as a way to try to 899 00:29:22,414 --> 00:29:24,349 better understand how people respond to 900 00:29:24,349 --> 00:29:27,125 these kinds shocks that happen. 901 00:29:27,125 --> 00:29:28,190 And trying to see, 902 00:29:28,190 --> 00:29:29,210 does that mean if you're stuck 903 00:29:29,210 --> 00:29:31,504 at home that you might value in HMO, 904 00:29:31,504 --> 00:29:33,109 Do you value opportunities 905 00:29:33,109 --> 00:29:34,369 to actually go out and engage 906 00:29:34,369 --> 00:29:35,779 in recreation more-so we're trying to 907 00:29:35,779 --> 00:29:37,385 see if we can do some trials surveys 908 00:29:37,385 --> 00:29:40,445 into sort of track how these valuations might 909 00:29:40,445 --> 00:29:42,109 change from the time 910 00:29:42,109 --> 00:29:43,865 when you're sort of stuck at home. 911 00:29:43,865 --> 00:29:44,434 But again, 912 00:29:44,434 --> 00:29:45,769 the idea is that those are not going 913 00:29:45,769 --> 00:29:48,109 to be externally valid. 914 00:29:48,109 --> 00:29:49,639 If five years later, if you want to 915 00:29:49,639 --> 00:29:51,859 publish a paper all sorted, 916 00:29:51,859 --> 00:29:53,089 how they carry 917 00:29:53,089 --> 00:29:54,319 forward throughout the area, that's going 918 00:29:54,319 --> 00:29:56,974 to be a problem. And so that's sort of, 919 00:29:56,974 --> 00:29:58,174 sort of a big overview of 920 00:29:58,174 --> 00:29:59,794 the kind of work that I'm doing and some of 921 00:29:59,794 --> 00:30:02,465 the the work-related issues 922 00:30:02,465 --> 00:30:04,609 that come up in terms 923 00:30:04,609 --> 00:30:05,630 of trying to push this 924 00:30:05,630 --> 00:30:07,145 type of research forward. 925 00:30:07,145 --> 00:30:11,975 The environment has been able to stop that. 926 00:30:11,975 --> 00:30:13,609 Thank you so much, all three of 927 00:30:13,609 --> 00:30:15,365 you That was outstanding. 928 00:30:15,365 --> 00:30:17,449 So we have a whole series 929 00:30:17,449 --> 00:30:18,079 of questions that are 930 00:30:18,079 --> 00:30:18,859 coming from the audience. 931 00:30:18,859 --> 00:30:19,819 And again, for those who listen, 932 00:30:19,819 --> 00:30:20,900 thank you so much. 933 00:30:20,900 --> 00:30:22,340 Please keep the questions coming, 934 00:30:22,340 --> 00:30:22,879 either put them in 935 00:30:22,879 --> 00:30:24,545 the chat box or the Q and a session. 936 00:30:24,545 --> 00:30:25,039 And we'll get through 937 00:30:25,039 --> 00:30:26,825 as many questions as we can. 938 00:30:26,825 --> 00:30:28,850 So we'd like to always start a little light 939 00:30:28,850 --> 00:30:30,515 with the question and answer session. 940 00:30:30,515 --> 00:30:32,930 And one of the questions we've been asking 941 00:30:32,930 --> 00:30:35,134 the previous panelists is really open-ended. 942 00:30:35,134 --> 00:30:36,574 And I'll hope each of you to take a moment 943 00:30:36,574 --> 00:30:38,344 just to reflect on this and answer it, 944 00:30:38,344 --> 00:30:40,039 which is perhaps just either as 945 00:30:40,039 --> 00:30:42,350 a scientist or just a human, or as a mother, 946 00:30:42,350 --> 00:30:46,520 as rosa it or as as a resident in Portland? 947 00:30:46,520 --> 00:30:48,679 Yeah. What has what has surprised you 948 00:30:48,679 --> 00:30:53,105 most during this pandemic? Very open-ended. 949 00:30:53,105 --> 00:30:54,560 And maybe we'll start with 950 00:30:54,560 --> 00:31:01,169 Rose asks what has surprised me most, 951 00:31:02,710 --> 00:31:05,360 so many things that surprise me. 952 00:31:05,360 --> 00:31:14,940 I think 100 to a big surprises is how, 953 00:31:16,300 --> 00:31:23,300 how resilient in my partnerships, 954 00:31:23,300 --> 00:31:25,339 I guess it's a good way of saying that. 955 00:31:25,339 --> 00:31:29,449 So I mentioned the challenges 956 00:31:29,449 --> 00:31:31,400 of working at home with a nine month old. 957 00:31:31,400 --> 00:31:32,570 There are some major joys 958 00:31:32,570 --> 00:31:33,605 that come along with it. 959 00:31:33,605 --> 00:31:35,630 You know, it's, it's pretty amazing to be 960 00:31:35,630 --> 00:31:36,739 around for some of 961 00:31:36,739 --> 00:31:38,944 the things that I wouldn't be around for. 962 00:31:38,944 --> 00:31:40,730 But it's been really 963 00:31:40,730 --> 00:31:43,355 exciting and excellent to see 964 00:31:43,355 --> 00:31:45,740 how supportive are a lot 965 00:31:45,740 --> 00:31:47,810 of the people that I have partnered with, 966 00:31:47,810 --> 00:31:49,640 both currently and in 967 00:31:49,640 --> 00:31:52,099 the past, doing research, 968 00:31:52,099 --> 00:31:53,374 how they've been 969 00:31:53,374 --> 00:31:55,069 reaching out and being really, 970 00:31:55,069 --> 00:31:56,344 really supportive and say, 971 00:31:56,344 --> 00:31:58,310 now it's how are you doing? 972 00:31:58,310 --> 00:32:00,049 How? Here's this paper we 973 00:32:00,049 --> 00:32:01,999 want to have a coauthor on. 974 00:32:01,999 --> 00:32:03,979 And if you don't have time to 975 00:32:03,979 --> 00:32:05,389 review it in the next two weeks? 976 00:32:05,389 --> 00:32:06,529 How about nine weeks? 977 00:32:06,529 --> 00:32:07,700 You know, so, so just 978 00:32:07,700 --> 00:32:09,259 kind of providing some of 979 00:32:09,259 --> 00:32:10,370 that flexibility has 980 00:32:10,370 --> 00:32:12,349 been surprising. Integrate way. 981 00:32:12,349 --> 00:32:15,634 I've also been really surprised by 982 00:32:15,634 --> 00:32:21,274 how maybe bizarrely easy I've 983 00:32:21,274 --> 00:32:23,599 adjusted to doing 984 00:32:23,599 --> 00:32:27,245 remote interactions with people and 985 00:32:27,245 --> 00:32:29,974 getting some of the same sort of 986 00:32:29,974 --> 00:32:33,259 social need out of that, if that makes sense. 987 00:32:33,259 --> 00:32:35,434 So I'm, I'm maybe like 988 00:32:35,434 --> 00:32:38,089 halfway introverted, halfway extra AMR. 989 00:32:38,089 --> 00:32:40,670 And the the, 990 00:32:40,670 --> 00:32:42,350 the remote conversation has been 991 00:32:42,350 --> 00:32:44,269 pretty nice for me because someone paid. 992 00:32:44,269 --> 00:32:46,490 So that's been surprising. 993 00:32:46,490 --> 00:32:50,389 Asymmetric. Other surprises honor Paul. 994 00:32:50,389 --> 00:32:56,195 So I, this is 995 00:32:56,195 --> 00:32:57,679 perhaps a very naive statement to make, 996 00:32:57,679 --> 00:33:00,590 but I have been very surprised and shocked in 997 00:33:00,590 --> 00:33:02,120 terms of how badly we're 998 00:33:02,120 --> 00:33:02,930 sort of responding 999 00:33:02,930 --> 00:33:04,025 and handling to everything. 1000 00:33:04,025 --> 00:33:05,210 And I think that comes from 1001 00:33:05,210 --> 00:33:06,619 perhaps having too much faith 1002 00:33:06,619 --> 00:33:09,589 in the science and 1003 00:33:09,589 --> 00:33:11,419 sort of what we are capable. 1004 00:33:11,419 --> 00:33:12,440 I mean, this happened to me when 1005 00:33:12,440 --> 00:33:14,015 the Malaysian Airlines flight 1006 00:33:14,015 --> 00:33:16,279 got lost and Nobu, so to track it down, 1007 00:33:16,279 --> 00:33:18,860 it's like I feel like I'm I'm going through 1008 00:33:18,860 --> 00:33:20,090 much bigger version of that 1009 00:33:20,090 --> 00:33:22,324 now that you know this, 1010 00:33:22,324 --> 00:33:25,490 the, it seems like, 1011 00:33:25,490 --> 00:33:26,660 you know from 1012 00:33:26,660 --> 00:33:29,330 a science technology point of view. 1013 00:33:29,330 --> 00:33:30,620 We should be able to do stuff. 1014 00:33:30,620 --> 00:33:31,400 But then it's very 1015 00:33:31,400 --> 00:33:32,555 humbling to think about that. 1016 00:33:32,555 --> 00:33:33,830 There's really nothing that we 1017 00:33:33,830 --> 00:33:35,239 can do and it's going to take time. 1018 00:33:35,239 --> 00:33:36,440 And and that's been 1019 00:33:36,440 --> 00:33:38,434 sort of something that's 1020 00:33:38,434 --> 00:33:40,550 reflected a lot on that. 1021 00:33:40,550 --> 00:33:44,269 And that's sort of it doesn't 1022 00:33:44,269 --> 00:33:49,459 think thinkin almost all. 1023 00:33:49,459 --> 00:33:51,769 Yeah. So I'll keep it kind of close 1024 00:33:51,769 --> 00:33:54,904 to my profession a bit 1025 00:33:54,904 --> 00:33:57,409 because the personal surprises 1026 00:33:57,409 --> 00:33:58,729 I I would agree 1027 00:33:58,729 --> 00:34:02,660 with the ones that I've already mentioned. 1028 00:34:02,660 --> 00:34:03,994 And they could, I mean, 1029 00:34:03,994 --> 00:34:05,825 everything seems to surprise me. 1030 00:34:05,825 --> 00:34:08,000 I mean, it's incredible where we are, 1031 00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:10,759 but also kind of how, how, Mm-hm. 1032 00:34:10,759 --> 00:34:12,469 So many people are making it work. 1033 00:34:12,469 --> 00:34:14,420 But I've been surprised 1034 00:34:14,420 --> 00:34:17,300 at how many parallels I've been able to 1035 00:34:17,300 --> 00:34:20,390 find scientifically between the science of 1036 00:34:20,390 --> 00:34:22,189 this pandemic and the buyers 1037 00:34:22,189 --> 00:34:24,020 and my own science, 1038 00:34:24,020 --> 00:34:25,490 even though they have essentially 1039 00:34:25,490 --> 00:34:27,049 nothing to do with each other. 1040 00:34:27,049 --> 00:34:30,274 But things like the modelling 1041 00:34:30,274 --> 00:34:32,270 and the challenges that scientists 1042 00:34:32,270 --> 00:34:34,040 have had with communicating 1043 00:34:34,040 --> 00:34:35,899 the modelling of the virus 1044 00:34:35,899 --> 00:34:37,939 spread and modeling of, 1045 00:34:37,939 --> 00:34:39,079 you know, we opened, just 1046 00:34:39,079 --> 00:34:40,290 keep hearing these projections, 1047 00:34:40,290 --> 00:34:41,689 analyse this many people 1048 00:34:41,689 --> 00:34:42,979 are going to lose their lives. 1049 00:34:42,979 --> 00:34:44,150 This many people are going to get 1050 00:34:44,150 --> 00:34:45,500 infected that something changes. 1051 00:34:45,500 --> 00:34:47,210 And in some ways there are 1052 00:34:47,210 --> 00:34:48,395 some parallels to that 1053 00:34:48,395 --> 00:34:50,419 modeling, to climate modeling. 1054 00:34:50,419 --> 00:34:53,585 Because you're, you're forcing the model with 1055 00:34:53,585 --> 00:34:55,429 some sort of prediction about how 1056 00:34:55,429 --> 00:34:57,454 human behavior is going to be. 1057 00:34:57,454 --> 00:34:59,390 And that model just tells you how the system 1058 00:34:59,390 --> 00:35:02,600 responds to that change in human behavior. 1059 00:35:02,600 --> 00:35:04,460 But I think society 1060 00:35:04,460 --> 00:35:06,965 wants to see that model as a forecast, 1061 00:35:06,965 --> 00:35:08,870 like we do a weather forecast model. 1062 00:35:08,870 --> 00:35:10,384 And that I run into that sort of 1063 00:35:10,384 --> 00:35:12,140 communication issues 1064 00:35:12,140 --> 00:35:13,490 sometimes with climate models too, 1065 00:35:13,490 --> 00:35:14,854 because climate models are not 1066 00:35:14,854 --> 00:35:16,880 forecasts what's going to 1067 00:35:16,880 --> 00:35:18,560 happen at some point in the future. 1068 00:35:18,560 --> 00:35:20,329 They tell us if humans 1069 00:35:20,329 --> 00:35:22,295 do this with greenhouse gases, 1070 00:35:22,295 --> 00:35:24,515 this is how the climate is going to respond. 1071 00:35:24,515 --> 00:35:25,849 And so it's interesting to see 1072 00:35:25,849 --> 00:35:27,155 these parallels and 1073 00:35:27,155 --> 00:35:28,654 in something that's happening, 1074 00:35:28,654 --> 00:35:30,545 you know, still much faster than, 1075 00:35:30,545 --> 00:35:32,209 than, than climate change. 1076 00:35:32,209 --> 00:35:33,500 The research is happening at 1077 00:35:33,500 --> 00:35:38,374 such a mission extreme effort to, 1078 00:35:38,374 --> 00:35:39,799 to learn as much as we can 1079 00:35:39,799 --> 00:35:41,720 about this, this emergency. 1080 00:35:41,720 --> 00:35:45,184 But there are some parallels that I thought, 1081 00:35:45,184 --> 00:35:46,789 yeah, okay, I kinda get, 1082 00:35:46,789 --> 00:35:48,019 I get what that 1083 00:35:48,019 --> 00:35:49,550 challenges and I guess sort of 1084 00:35:49,550 --> 00:35:50,929 what the researchers need 1085 00:35:50,929 --> 00:35:52,399 to need to do with that. 1086 00:35:52,399 --> 00:35:54,259 So that's been kind of interesting to me 1087 00:35:54,259 --> 00:35:57,289 and kind of following on that Paul, 1088 00:35:57,289 --> 00:36:00,709 the collective action problem, 1089 00:36:00,709 --> 00:36:04,999 that is both of these phenomenon, right? 1090 00:36:04,999 --> 00:36:07,865 Like the need to have collection and 1091 00:36:07,865 --> 00:36:09,530 collective action to flatten 1092 00:36:09,530 --> 00:36:12,575 the curve on the coronavirus. 1093 00:36:12,575 --> 00:36:14,824 And I think that has surprised me 1094 00:36:14,824 --> 00:36:17,389 is both how well, 1095 00:36:17,389 --> 00:36:19,459 poorly that has worked. 1096 00:36:19,459 --> 00:36:23,269 Because in thinking about climate and 1097 00:36:23,269 --> 00:36:25,684 how we need to 1098 00:36:25,684 --> 00:36:27,230 have collective action in order 1099 00:36:27,230 --> 00:36:30,844 to change the trajectory for climate change. 1100 00:36:30,844 --> 00:36:33,979 It's not surprising to me that maybe 1101 00:36:33,979 --> 00:36:36,290 challenging to get collective action 1102 00:36:36,290 --> 00:36:37,549 on something like the pandemic. 1103 00:36:37,549 --> 00:36:41,795 But in places we have seen, 1104 00:36:41,795 --> 00:36:43,790 you know, there's maybe a regional trends, 1105 00:36:43,790 --> 00:36:46,099 are national trends or things like that. 1106 00:36:46,099 --> 00:36:47,180 You are seeing that 1107 00:36:47,180 --> 00:36:48,589 collective action is possible. 1108 00:36:48,589 --> 00:36:52,399 And that is both surprising and unsurprising. 1109 00:36:52,399 --> 00:36:54,969 I'm makes sense. Hi, Anthony. 1110 00:36:54,969 --> 00:36:56,600 I agree. I was 1111 00:36:56,600 --> 00:36:58,459 going to say that the parallels 1112 00:36:58,459 --> 00:36:59,900 that all you're thinking 1113 00:36:59,900 --> 00:37:01,969 about the climate change. 1114 00:37:01,969 --> 00:37:04,144 Also, there's sort of immediate cost 1115 00:37:04,144 --> 00:37:06,545 and then benefits that are sort of removed. 1116 00:37:06,545 --> 00:37:07,879 And same here, right? 1117 00:37:07,879 --> 00:37:09,019 This audio of costs and 1118 00:37:09,019 --> 00:37:10,430 benefits that are not necessarily 1119 00:37:10,430 --> 00:37:11,779 accruing directly or sorted that 1120 00:37:11,779 --> 00:37:14,345 are distributed in a way that you know. 1121 00:37:14,345 --> 00:37:17,150 And I think that, that leads to 1122 00:37:17,150 --> 00:37:20,359 these kinds of public good situations where 1123 00:37:20,359 --> 00:37:21,919 people don't necessarily want to try to 1124 00:37:21,919 --> 00:37:23,480 contribute it because the costs 1125 00:37:23,480 --> 00:37:26,914 either not direct and immediate and, 1126 00:37:26,914 --> 00:37:28,849 and we can, we can tend 1127 00:37:28,849 --> 00:37:31,010 to look the other way in that situation. 1128 00:37:31,010 --> 00:37:33,019 I hadn't thought about the parallels. 1129 00:37:33,019 --> 00:37:36,940 Debit. Yeah. Thank you so much. 1130 00:37:36,940 --> 00:37:37,750 I just I do want to 1131 00:37:37,750 --> 00:37:38,920 say one thing I appreciate, 1132 00:37:38,920 --> 00:37:39,519 although we're talking 1133 00:37:39,519 --> 00:37:40,570 a lot about climate science, 1134 00:37:40,570 --> 00:37:42,385 each one of you independently highlighted 1135 00:37:42,385 --> 00:37:43,375 the other side and 1136 00:37:43,375 --> 00:37:44,680 solutions to climate science, 1137 00:37:44,680 --> 00:37:46,030 which is the social side and 1138 00:37:46,030 --> 00:37:48,219 the humanities side about communication, 1139 00:37:48,219 --> 00:37:49,780 as well as social surveys and 1140 00:37:49,780 --> 00:37:51,250 sort of understanding human behaviors. 1141 00:37:51,250 --> 00:37:52,584 I think sometimes that's missed 1142 00:37:52,584 --> 00:37:53,979 in the conversation around really 1143 00:37:53,979 --> 00:37:57,010 trying to sort of create climate solutions. 1144 00:37:57,010 --> 00:37:59,665 So as a next question, 1145 00:37:59,665 --> 00:38:01,840 so open-ended question, is all this 1146 00:38:01,840 --> 00:38:05,450 social distancing good for earth's climate? 1147 00:38:05,640 --> 00:38:09,099 Should I take it that one? 1148 00:38:09,099 --> 00:38:13,909 So no, not really. 1149 00:38:16,390 --> 00:38:22,279 So in just considering the pandemic 1150 00:38:22,279 --> 00:38:24,139 itself ends this or 1151 00:38:24,139 --> 00:38:26,779 reduction economic activity and 1152 00:38:26,779 --> 00:38:28,309 the reduction in travelling, 1153 00:38:28,309 --> 00:38:31,025 all of that certainly is reducing 1154 00:38:31,025 --> 00:38:34,219 the rate on greenhouse gas emissions, right? 1155 00:38:34,219 --> 00:38:36,604 We're not buy as many airplanes, 1156 00:38:36,604 --> 00:38:38,614 we're not driving as much. 1157 00:38:38,614 --> 00:38:41,855 And it's happening globally can add up. 1158 00:38:41,855 --> 00:38:45,049 But we're still driving, we're still flying, 1159 00:38:45,049 --> 00:38:47,179 we're still manufacturing and carbon 1160 00:38:47,179 --> 00:38:49,609 dioxides that very long-lived greenhouse gas. 1161 00:38:49,609 --> 00:38:50,660 So it's kinda like a 1162 00:38:50,660 --> 00:38:51,920 reservoir in the atmosphere. 1163 00:38:51,920 --> 00:38:53,629 So as long as we're adding to it, 1164 00:38:53,629 --> 00:38:55,040 the concentration will go 1165 00:38:55,040 --> 00:38:56,209 up and their greenhouse effect 1166 00:38:56,209 --> 00:38:59,765 continues to increase and kind of continues. 1167 00:38:59,765 --> 00:39:00,739 And it's 1168 00:39:00,739 --> 00:39:01,969 kind of an interesting point to think 1169 00:39:01,969 --> 00:39:04,399 about how climate works. 1170 00:39:04,399 --> 00:39:08,630 Because a short term 1171 00:39:08,630 --> 00:39:10,249 reduction in the emissions of 1172 00:39:10,249 --> 00:39:13,129 greenhouse gases really isn't of 1173 00:39:13,129 --> 00:39:15,110 a scale that is 1174 00:39:15,110 --> 00:39:16,955 very meaningful for climate change. 1175 00:39:16,955 --> 00:39:19,849 So that the, the earth takes a while 1176 00:39:19,849 --> 00:39:21,349 to adjust and temperature 1177 00:39:21,349 --> 00:39:22,969 due to changes in greenhouse gases. 1178 00:39:22,969 --> 00:39:25,279 So there's not a sort of a 1179 00:39:25,279 --> 00:39:27,094 tying the immediate act 1180 00:39:27,094 --> 00:39:28,670 there, there's a time lag. 1181 00:39:28,670 --> 00:39:33,650 So that's this sort of short-term reduction. 1182 00:39:33,650 --> 00:39:35,555 Berg, whether it's for 1183 00:39:35,555 --> 00:39:36,829 happy or whether it's a year, 1184 00:39:36,829 --> 00:39:39,034 even for two years really would 1185 00:39:39,034 --> 00:39:41,820 be very difficult to show up in any data. 1186 00:39:41,820 --> 00:39:42,790 But I do think there's 1187 00:39:42,790 --> 00:39:44,230 an interesting thing to think about 1188 00:39:44,230 --> 00:39:46,479 because it kind of 1189 00:39:46,479 --> 00:39:50,755 gives us an idea of the scale of 1190 00:39:50,755 --> 00:39:54,429 requirements to make a meaningful reduction 1191 00:39:54,429 --> 00:39:56,079 in greenhouse gas emissions. 1192 00:39:56,079 --> 00:39:58,989 And those would have to not only be dramatic, 1193 00:39:58,989 --> 00:40:01,044 but sustained for much 1194 00:40:01,044 --> 00:40:02,749 more than the coercive 1195 00:40:02,749 --> 00:40:04,570 about pandemic they would. 1196 00:40:04,570 --> 00:40:06,324 It's almost, we can go back to 1197 00:40:06,324 --> 00:40:08,845 parallels of this sort of collective action. 1198 00:40:08,845 --> 00:40:10,779 Collective action of Latin occurred. 1199 00:40:10,779 --> 00:40:13,494 And then if you done right, 1200 00:40:13,494 --> 00:40:16,029 yep, they continue that collective action. 1201 00:40:16,029 --> 00:40:17,770 So so thinking about 1202 00:40:17,770 --> 00:40:19,509 like where weekdays go for here, 1203 00:40:19,509 --> 00:40:22,330 as far as emissions reduction 1204 00:40:22,330 --> 00:40:24,195 from the pandemic isn't enough. 1205 00:40:24,195 --> 00:40:26,000 To have a meaningful impact. 1206 00:40:26,000 --> 00:40:27,965 But it could, it 1207 00:40:27,965 --> 00:40:29,629 reductions could continue 1208 00:40:29,629 --> 00:40:31,714 to accrue over time. 1209 00:40:31,714 --> 00:40:33,859 Then over, over time you would 1210 00:40:33,859 --> 00:40:36,410 start to see some mitigation of 1211 00:40:36,410 --> 00:40:37,550 the future rate of 1212 00:40:37,550 --> 00:40:42,349 climate change penalty minus 80. 1213 00:40:42,349 --> 00:40:44,675 And add to that, there's a kind of query. 1214 00:40:44,675 --> 00:40:48,289 Just one other piece to add to that is like, 1215 00:40:48,289 --> 00:40:49,685 why aren't we seeing it 1216 00:40:49,685 --> 00:40:51,890 even our immediate emissions 1217 00:40:51,890 --> 00:40:54,140 go down more than people might expect. 1218 00:40:54,140 --> 00:40:56,315 And part of that is, 1219 00:40:56,315 --> 00:40:58,189 yes, we aren't driving as 1220 00:40:58,189 --> 00:40:59,599 much and we are flying as much. 1221 00:40:59,599 --> 00:41:01,655 But a lot of us are now 1222 00:41:01,655 --> 00:41:04,025 using our computers maybe a little bit more. 1223 00:41:04,025 --> 00:41:06,049 We might have a lot of people on 1224 00:41:06,049 --> 00:41:08,389 our home energy systems. 1225 00:41:08,389 --> 00:41:11,404 And here in the Pacific Northwest, 1226 00:41:11,404 --> 00:41:13,339 a lot of that might be renewable energy. 1227 00:41:13,339 --> 00:41:15,680 But in a lot of other places, 1228 00:41:15,680 --> 00:41:16,820 the electric grid and 1229 00:41:16,820 --> 00:41:20,869 the energy grid is not based on fossil fuels. 1230 00:41:20,869 --> 00:41:22,475 And so as long as we're still 1231 00:41:22,475 --> 00:41:23,689 running our computers 1232 00:41:23,689 --> 00:41:25,489 and all of the other things we 1233 00:41:25,489 --> 00:41:27,725 need to power up of fossil fuels. 1234 00:41:27,725 --> 00:41:29,720 And prior to this I, 1235 00:41:29,720 --> 00:41:31,804 since I got this question would come up. 1236 00:41:31,804 --> 00:41:32,554 There's, 1237 00:41:32,554 --> 00:41:34,490 there's really up-to-date measurements of 1238 00:41:34,490 --> 00:41:36,079 carbon dioxide concentrations 1239 00:41:36,079 --> 00:41:36,740 in the atmosphere. 1240 00:41:36,740 --> 00:41:38,030 And I've been keeping an eye on 1241 00:41:38,030 --> 00:41:40,954 that, the Manoa observatory. 1242 00:41:40,954 --> 00:41:42,815 And I, I cannot pick out 1243 00:41:42,815 --> 00:41:45,680 any change an array that looks just 1244 00:41:45,680 --> 00:41:47,510 like it would if you were to project 1245 00:41:47,510 --> 00:41:48,890 exactly what you would expect 1246 00:41:48,890 --> 00:41:50,449 with no, with no imbalance. 1247 00:41:50,449 --> 00:41:53,435 So yeah, kind of interesting. 1248 00:41:53,435 --> 00:41:55,385 So we're not flattening the CO2 curve. 1249 00:41:55,385 --> 00:41:59,080 I think contrary to be Claire thank signed. 1250 00:41:59,080 --> 00:42:01,009 Did you have anything to add about that? 1251 00:42:01,009 --> 00:42:02,360 Is such a distinct thing 1252 00:42:02,360 --> 00:42:04,249 good for climate change? 1253 00:42:04,249 --> 00:42:06,710 I think paul enrolls sort of 1254 00:42:06,710 --> 00:42:08,344 stress the key points. 1255 00:42:08,344 --> 00:42:09,890 I think that I wanted to, I was, 1256 00:42:09,890 --> 00:42:12,349 I think things like transportation 1257 00:42:12,349 --> 00:42:14,359 is a very small percentage 1258 00:42:14,359 --> 00:42:16,264 of overall emissions, right? 1259 00:42:16,264 --> 00:42:18,470 And so a lot of, even though we are 1260 00:42:18,470 --> 00:42:19,850 social distancing and sort 1261 00:42:19,850 --> 00:42:21,679 of you're stuck at home, 1262 00:42:21,679 --> 00:42:25,265 the industrial processes continuing. 1263 00:42:25,265 --> 00:42:28,100 And just because you've 1264 00:42:28,100 --> 00:42:31,160 shut down for a month, a little bit of stuff. 1265 00:42:31,160 --> 00:42:33,620 I saw something about your projections. 1266 00:42:33,620 --> 00:42:35,854 I like there might be a 5% decrease 1267 00:42:35,854 --> 00:42:37,189 in emissions by the end of 1268 00:42:37,189 --> 00:42:38,450 the year because of this. 1269 00:42:38,450 --> 00:42:39,769 I mean, it's a bit, 1270 00:42:39,769 --> 00:42:41,179 as Paul said in the, 1271 00:42:41,179 --> 00:42:44,759 in the magnitude of accumulated engines. 1272 00:42:46,690 --> 00:42:48,215 Thank you. 1273 00:42:48,215 --> 00:42:51,169 So let's make a pivot to that question. 1274 00:42:51,169 --> 00:42:52,939 Here's a, here's a directed question to 1275 00:42:52,939 --> 00:42:53,899 row is actually based 1276 00:42:53,899 --> 00:42:54,890 on the data you were sharing. 1277 00:42:54,890 --> 00:42:58,714 So can Can your carbon sequestering 1278 00:42:58,714 --> 00:43:01,834 carbon sequestration modeling provide 1279 00:43:01,834 --> 00:43:04,919 guidance for the Oregon cap and trade balls. 1280 00:43:05,470 --> 00:43:11,450 Yeah, so interesting. So 1281 00:43:11,450 --> 00:43:15,010 first I would say the policy, 1282 00:43:15,010 --> 00:43:16,669 you could explain the policy world. 1283 00:43:16,669 --> 00:43:18,679 And I can I can try. 1284 00:43:18,679 --> 00:43:20,660 I'm not a policy long, 1285 00:43:20,660 --> 00:43:23,104 so I will do my best to give you 1286 00:43:23,104 --> 00:43:26,960 my summary what I understand the policy. 1287 00:43:26,960 --> 00:43:34,894 So in recent years, many years actually, 1288 00:43:34,894 --> 00:43:37,595 there has been proposed cat 1289 00:43:37,595 --> 00:43:39,200 Invest Israeli what it's 1290 00:43:39,200 --> 00:43:40,519 been called here in Oregon, 1291 00:43:40,519 --> 00:43:44,329 cabin and best policy where the there 1292 00:43:44,329 --> 00:43:46,099 would be an enacted cap on 1293 00:43:46,099 --> 00:43:48,230 the amount of emissions for the state. 1294 00:43:48,230 --> 00:43:50,120 And that that cap would gradually 1295 00:43:50,120 --> 00:43:53,149 decline over time to 1296 00:43:53,149 --> 00:43:55,700 bring the overall greenhouse gas emissions in 1297 00:43:55,700 --> 00:43:58,580 the state of Oregon down to a target level. 1298 00:43:58,580 --> 00:44:01,654 And I do not recall what the target level is. 1299 00:44:01,654 --> 00:44:04,730 It has shifted over depending on 1300 00:44:04,730 --> 00:44:08,270 which generation 1301 00:44:08,270 --> 00:44:10,955 of legislation you're looking at. 1302 00:44:10,955 --> 00:44:13,399 And then the other part of that 1303 00:44:13,399 --> 00:44:17,569 is that industries or 1304 00:44:17,569 --> 00:44:23,839 our manufacturers or places that do emit 1305 00:44:23,839 --> 00:44:27,150 carbon emitters can purchase 1306 00:44:27,310 --> 00:44:31,280 kind of permits to emit carbon. 1307 00:44:31,280 --> 00:44:33,259 And the money is used from that would 1308 00:44:33,259 --> 00:44:35,959 be used to invest in, 1309 00:44:35,959 --> 00:44:38,644 in Oregon that's been proposed to invest both 1310 00:44:38,644 --> 00:44:40,970 in future climate mitigation activities, 1311 00:44:40,970 --> 00:44:43,339 but also in climate adaptation activities. 1312 00:44:43,339 --> 00:44:45,439 So thinking about things like how do we 1313 00:44:45,439 --> 00:44:47,780 adapt to the changes that we know are coming, 1314 00:44:47,780 --> 00:44:49,340 like droughts and 1315 00:44:49,340 --> 00:44:51,215 floods and things like that. 1316 00:44:51,215 --> 00:44:54,830 So that's the invest part of the cap and 1317 00:44:54,830 --> 00:44:57,200 invest that did not 1318 00:44:57,200 --> 00:44:59,239 pass through the legislature, 1319 00:44:59,239 --> 00:45:00,450 but there has been recently 1320 00:45:00,450 --> 00:45:02,195 an executive order, 1321 00:45:02,195 --> 00:45:04,309 part of the executive order from 1322 00:45:04,309 --> 00:45:07,325 Governor Brown's office tasks. 1323 00:45:07,325 --> 00:45:08,809 So global warming commission 1324 00:45:08,809 --> 00:45:10,940 with coming up with a proposal for 1325 00:45:10,940 --> 00:45:12,964 how natural and working layouts can play 1326 00:45:12,964 --> 00:45:16,235 a part in climate mitigation. 1327 00:45:16,235 --> 00:45:18,559 In addition, 1328 00:45:18,559 --> 00:45:20,120 Oregon is part of 1329 00:45:20,120 --> 00:45:21,935 the National Climate Alliance, 1330 00:45:21,935 --> 00:45:25,219 which is a collection of states that have 1331 00:45:25,219 --> 00:45:27,259 committed to reach 1332 00:45:27,259 --> 00:45:29,344 the Paris accord agreement. 1333 00:45:29,344 --> 00:45:31,474 I'm drawing down greenhouse gases. 1334 00:45:31,474 --> 00:45:35,509 And as part of the climate alliance, 1335 00:45:35,509 --> 00:45:38,480 there's a commitment to 1336 00:45:38,480 --> 00:45:40,100 include natural and working lands 1337 00:45:40,100 --> 00:45:42,109 as part of that mitigation policy. 1338 00:45:42,109 --> 00:45:45,875 And so the work that we've been doing is, 1339 00:45:45,875 --> 00:45:48,050 is really well suited 1340 00:45:48,050 --> 00:45:49,640 to help guide some of that, 1341 00:45:49,640 --> 00:45:51,170 to help give some ideas around 1342 00:45:51,170 --> 00:45:52,880 what are the bounds that we could 1343 00:45:52,880 --> 00:45:55,040 expect natural and working lands 1344 00:45:55,040 --> 00:45:57,889 to provide in the state of Oregon. 1345 00:45:57,889 --> 00:46:00,889 And I think also really tellingly, 1346 00:46:00,889 --> 00:46:05,074 it helps to bolster the fact that these are 1347 00:46:05,074 --> 00:46:06,425 an important part of 1348 00:46:06,425 --> 00:46:09,920 reaching the goals that we might have set. 1349 00:46:09,920 --> 00:46:11,509 But they cannot be the only part 1350 00:46:11,509 --> 00:46:12,949 of reaching the goals that we've set. 1351 00:46:12,949 --> 00:46:14,690 That natural and working lands 1352 00:46:14,690 --> 00:46:15,889 can't be the only solution. 1353 00:46:15,889 --> 00:46:18,364 We do need fossil fuel reductions. 1354 00:46:18,364 --> 00:46:19,489 Thank you, Rose. 1355 00:46:19,489 --> 00:46:20,660 Somebody maybe as a segue 1356 00:46:20,660 --> 00:46:22,490 to haunt work, I'm wondering, 1357 00:46:22,490 --> 00:46:23,569 given that there's 1358 00:46:23,569 --> 00:46:25,699 clear valuation associated with 1359 00:46:25,699 --> 00:46:27,079 using natural lands 1360 00:46:27,079 --> 00:46:29,405 to stabilize climate change. 1361 00:46:29,405 --> 00:46:31,729 So do you have any insights as to whether you 1362 00:46:31,729 --> 00:46:32,780 think the valuation of 1363 00:46:32,780 --> 00:46:33,979 natural lands or as you mentioned, 1364 00:46:33,979 --> 00:46:35,554 urban parks will, will go up 1365 00:46:35,554 --> 00:46:37,280 as more people are at home. 1366 00:46:37,280 --> 00:46:39,110 And I'm using, hoping 1367 00:46:39,110 --> 00:46:41,089 to get back into the forests and hoping to, 1368 00:46:41,089 --> 00:46:42,485 and I'm spending time, 1369 00:46:42,485 --> 00:46:43,909 maybe they're spending more time walking 1370 00:46:43,909 --> 00:46:45,049 through urban parks these days. 1371 00:46:45,049 --> 00:46:46,340 I mean, I know you're 1372 00:46:46,340 --> 00:46:48,020 maybe haven't collected data on it yet, 1373 00:46:48,020 --> 00:46:49,250 but I'm curious what your insights 1374 00:46:49,250 --> 00:46:50,705 are on fun. 1375 00:46:50,705 --> 00:46:53,179 Well, covert effect, devaluation, 1376 00:46:53,179 --> 00:46:55,564 or some of these natural systems. 1377 00:46:55,564 --> 00:46:58,324 The panel in 2021, 1378 00:46:58,324 --> 00:47:00,484 May 14th in one year, 1379 00:47:00,484 --> 00:47:03,350 we can talk about while answering them. 1380 00:47:03,350 --> 00:47:06,319 So it's actually pretty hard to see. 1381 00:47:06,319 --> 00:47:07,655 I think the evaluations 1382 00:47:07,655 --> 00:47:08,870 And we're going to be impacted 1383 00:47:08,870 --> 00:47:12,079 because if you think about the valuations 1384 00:47:12,079 --> 00:47:13,219 coming from some kind 1385 00:47:13,219 --> 00:47:14,870 of when you think 1386 00:47:14,870 --> 00:47:16,039 what values you have to ask, 1387 00:47:16,039 --> 00:47:17,419 have a payment mechanism in there. 1388 00:47:17,419 --> 00:47:18,740 And now he's not a good time to 1389 00:47:18,740 --> 00:47:20,360 ask people about your payment, 1390 00:47:20,360 --> 00:47:21,260 paying for something 1391 00:47:21,260 --> 00:47:23,134 additional in some sense. 1392 00:47:23,134 --> 00:47:25,864 So, so there's that aspect of, 1393 00:47:25,864 --> 00:47:28,070 of disposable income or sort of 1394 00:47:28,070 --> 00:47:30,155 willingness to pay that is affected. 1395 00:47:30,155 --> 00:47:31,760 But then on the other side, there is 1396 00:47:31,760 --> 00:47:34,279 the perhaps a more appreciation 1397 00:47:34,279 --> 00:47:35,480 if you've been stuck at 1398 00:47:35,480 --> 00:47:36,755 home for being on those. 1399 00:47:36,755 --> 00:47:39,139 So but is that a long-term or is that 1400 00:47:39,139 --> 00:47:40,760 a short-term kind of change 1401 00:47:40,760 --> 00:47:41,899 is very hard to say. 1402 00:47:41,899 --> 00:47:43,340 So I will start 1403 00:47:43,340 --> 00:47:45,259 joking when I said but next year. 1404 00:47:45,259 --> 00:47:46,910 But actually we should have 1405 00:47:46,910 --> 00:47:48,649 some idea at that time 1406 00:47:48,649 --> 00:47:50,225 and he always went there. 1407 00:47:50,225 --> 00:47:52,579 So we'll make sure 1408 00:47:52,579 --> 00:47:54,349 we have a pan this time next year and invite 1409 00:47:54,349 --> 00:47:58,819 you back a directed question to Paul. 1410 00:47:58,819 --> 00:47:59,839 So Paul is, is 1411 00:47:59,839 --> 00:48:01,850 global warming driving this pandemic? 1412 00:48:01,850 --> 00:48:03,620 And is it likely making it worse? 1413 00:48:03,620 --> 00:48:04,879 So what does the connection between 1414 00:48:04,879 --> 00:48:07,249 climate change and might not pandemic as 1415 00:48:07,249 --> 00:48:09,719 much of a connection actually 1416 00:48:10,840 --> 00:48:14,344 happening rather different scales and the, 1417 00:48:14,344 --> 00:48:17,195 the, the transmission of the virus 1418 00:48:17,195 --> 00:48:18,650 doesn't seem to be terribly affected 1419 00:48:18,650 --> 00:48:20,240 by temperature. 1420 00:48:20,240 --> 00:48:21,769 So I think there's probably heart, 1421 00:48:21,769 --> 00:48:22,594 it's probably hard to 1422 00:48:22,594 --> 00:48:24,215 draw a connection there. 1423 00:48:24,215 --> 00:48:26,750 We can draw since some, 1424 00:48:26,750 --> 00:48:28,609 some parallels that are 1425 00:48:28,609 --> 00:48:31,459 kind of more analogies. 1426 00:48:31,459 --> 00:48:33,230 But I, there are 1427 00:48:33,230 --> 00:48:34,880 quite different problems 1428 00:48:34,880 --> 00:48:36,395 and probably I'm eager. 1429 00:48:36,395 --> 00:48:39,049 Very little effect on each other? 1430 00:48:39,049 --> 00:48:42,859 I would say so. 1431 00:48:42,859 --> 00:48:44,719 Do you think so? Thank you for that. 1432 00:48:44,719 --> 00:48:46,339 Some curious, although there may be 1433 00:48:46,339 --> 00:48:48,409 no immediate connection between 1434 00:48:48,409 --> 00:48:49,729 Coburn 19 and climate change, 1435 00:48:49,729 --> 00:48:51,139 is just suggested. 1436 00:48:51,139 --> 00:48:53,030 Folks in the audience are wondering if 1437 00:48:53,030 --> 00:48:54,724 there might be any research that 1438 00:48:54,724 --> 00:48:55,850 each of you would be interested 1439 00:48:55,850 --> 00:48:57,260 in doing that does connect 1440 00:48:57,260 --> 00:48:58,820 started the environmental issues 1441 00:48:58,820 --> 00:49:04,369 with coded 19 roses. 1442 00:49:04,369 --> 00:49:05,960 Nodding, maybe muted. 1443 00:49:05,960 --> 00:49:08,419 I'll just quickly say it's, 1444 00:49:08,419 --> 00:49:10,159 it's a bit of a different time scale 1445 00:49:10,159 --> 00:49:12,470 than the kind of research. And typically do. 1446 00:49:12,470 --> 00:49:15,319 Climate change evolves over there course 1447 00:49:15,319 --> 00:49:18,395 of years and decades and beyond. 1448 00:49:18,395 --> 00:49:20,225 But there are some interesting, 1449 00:49:20,225 --> 00:49:20,630 there have been 1450 00:49:20,630 --> 00:49:22,429 some interesting air pollution studies, 1451 00:49:22,429 --> 00:49:24,230 which I'm not an air pollution scientists. 1452 00:49:24,230 --> 00:49:25,880 And, and so I don't want to go to 1453 00:49:25,880 --> 00:49:28,099 part into speaking about that, 1454 00:49:28,099 --> 00:49:31,265 but I found that pretty intriguing. 1455 00:49:31,265 --> 00:49:34,579 Air pollution as it pertains to human health, 1456 00:49:34,579 --> 00:49:36,259 as opposed to simply say, greenhouse gas 1457 00:49:36,259 --> 00:49:38,090 emissions as it pertains to climate change. 1458 00:49:38,090 --> 00:49:39,649 There'd been some interesting things there. 1459 00:49:39,649 --> 00:49:40,790 Just to kind of look at 1460 00:49:40,790 --> 00:49:43,490 how this has affected air quality 1461 00:49:43,490 --> 00:49:45,830 that there could be handed to me to find 1462 00:49:45,830 --> 00:49:47,270 that intriguing and probably 1463 00:49:47,270 --> 00:49:48,995 isn't enough in my wheelhouse to 1464 00:49:48,995 --> 00:49:50,510 pursue as a research project 1465 00:49:50,510 --> 00:49:52,369 directly as a lead or anything like that. 1466 00:49:52,369 --> 00:49:54,740 But that's the kind of interesting to look at 1467 00:49:54,740 --> 00:50:00,140 environmental sense rows going, 1468 00:50:00,360 --> 00:50:02,755 I was going to say, 1469 00:50:02,755 --> 00:50:04,420 this is me less 1470 00:50:04,420 --> 00:50:06,039 peaking like a scientist and more as 1471 00:50:06,039 --> 00:50:07,659 somebody who just reading 1472 00:50:07,659 --> 00:50:09,369 and absorbing what's happening around us. 1473 00:50:09,369 --> 00:50:10,779 But, but this idea that, you know, 1474 00:50:10,779 --> 00:50:12,580 how much of a normal do we actually 1475 00:50:12,580 --> 00:50:14,739 go back to this 1476 00:50:14,739 --> 00:50:16,299 working more at home 1477 00:50:16,299 --> 00:50:18,460 become something that people 1478 00:50:18,460 --> 00:50:19,480 are going to end up doing is, 1479 00:50:19,480 --> 00:50:20,109 you know, if you've been 1480 00:50:20,109 --> 00:50:21,804 driving in traffic for 1481 00:50:21,804 --> 00:50:24,579 1.5 to two hours every day during the week. 1482 00:50:24,579 --> 00:50:25,539 And now suddenly at home. 1483 00:50:25,539 --> 00:50:26,619 And you're realizing, 1484 00:50:26,619 --> 00:50:27,759 and companies are realizing 1485 00:50:27,759 --> 00:50:28,930 you're able to be productive. 1486 00:50:28,930 --> 00:50:30,309 Does, is it, 1487 00:50:30,309 --> 00:50:31,719 is it possible that there might be 1488 00:50:31,719 --> 00:50:33,790 sort of these long-term impacts 1489 00:50:33,790 --> 00:50:35,650 in the way the economy works. 1490 00:50:35,650 --> 00:50:38,120 And then potentially are there 1491 00:50:38,650 --> 00:50:40,999 Climate change related benefits 1492 00:50:40,999 --> 00:50:41,914 that come when you're, 1493 00:50:41,914 --> 00:50:44,569 like Paul said, these 1494 00:50:44,569 --> 00:50:45,019 would have to be 1495 00:50:45,019 --> 00:50:46,459 significant and sustained rates. 1496 00:50:46,459 --> 00:50:47,959 So it's not bad for 1497 00:50:47,959 --> 00:50:49,669 a month that we stay at home. 1498 00:50:49,669 --> 00:50:51,470 And then the bosses 1499 00:50:51,470 --> 00:50:52,279 push us to go back 1500 00:50:52,279 --> 00:50:53,674 home to both kind of a thing. 1501 00:50:53,674 --> 00:50:55,249 But, but so I wonder if 1502 00:50:55,249 --> 00:50:57,469 there's even like teaching remotely, right? 1503 00:50:57,469 --> 00:51:00,230 You know, that's been a big challenge, 1504 00:51:00,230 --> 00:51:01,130 but it's also sort 1505 00:51:01,130 --> 00:51:02,479 of providing opportunities. 1506 00:51:02,479 --> 00:51:03,529 And so it may be 1507 00:51:03,529 --> 00:51:05,059 that more people are going to be 1508 00:51:05,059 --> 00:51:06,830 teaching online and 1509 00:51:06,830 --> 00:51:08,240 perhaps, or perhaps less people, 1510 00:51:08,240 --> 00:51:10,730 I don't know, we'll have to see, but, but, 1511 00:51:10,730 --> 00:51:12,559 but this is pushing us into 1512 00:51:12,559 --> 00:51:13,879 areas that we might 1513 00:51:13,879 --> 00:51:14,900 not have mentioned before. 1514 00:51:14,900 --> 00:51:17,464 And it may be that some of these patterns 1515 00:51:17,464 --> 00:51:19,819 that are changing won't actually change back. 1516 00:51:19,819 --> 00:51:21,259 The elasticity might not be that. 1517 00:51:21,259 --> 00:51:22,999 So, so it could be that there's 1518 00:51:22,999 --> 00:51:24,829 some environmental benefits that come from. 1519 00:51:24,829 --> 00:51:25,939 But again, I'm not 1520 00:51:25,939 --> 00:51:27,290 talking as a scientist from, 1521 00:51:27,290 --> 00:51:28,460 from studying this, but most 1522 00:51:28,460 --> 00:51:30,569 are just observing this. 1523 00:51:32,140 --> 00:51:35,210 Again, not necessarily something that 1524 00:51:35,210 --> 00:51:37,399 I particularly could leave, 1525 00:51:37,399 --> 00:51:39,710 but some ideas that have been floating around 1526 00:51:39,710 --> 00:51:42,440 in my head, how I related. 1527 00:51:42,440 --> 00:51:44,149 I think I mentioned that I 1528 00:51:44,149 --> 00:51:46,970 do the work just kinda thinking about 1529 00:51:46,970 --> 00:51:48,169 conservation planning and 1530 00:51:48,169 --> 00:51:49,370 assessment of conservation 1531 00:51:49,370 --> 00:51:50,900 and things along those lines, 1532 00:51:50,900 --> 00:51:52,190 and biodiversity. 1533 00:51:52,190 --> 00:51:54,619 And one thought that I had been having is 1534 00:51:54,619 --> 00:51:56,870 about messaging around biodiversity. 1535 00:51:56,870 --> 00:51:57,859 So there's a number of 1536 00:51:57,859 --> 00:51:59,239 studies that have talked 1537 00:51:59,239 --> 00:52:01,729 about kind 1538 00:52:01,729 --> 00:52:04,039 of conservation and Landscape Conservation, 1539 00:52:04,039 --> 00:52:05,929 habitat conservation and the role that, 1540 00:52:05,929 --> 00:52:08,449 that has in buffering 1541 00:52:08,449 --> 00:52:11,780 the potential for zoonotic diseases. 1542 00:52:11,780 --> 00:52:15,289 So diseases are transmitted 1543 00:52:15,289 --> 00:52:16,909 from wildlife or 1544 00:52:16,909 --> 00:52:19,025 animal populations to humans. 1545 00:52:19,025 --> 00:52:22,175 And I've been thinking about how 1546 00:52:22,175 --> 00:52:25,129 this pandemic and some 1547 00:52:25,129 --> 00:52:26,479 of the communication around it, 1548 00:52:26,479 --> 00:52:31,190 around the potential initiation point 1549 00:52:31,190 --> 00:52:34,640 of being a wild animal across over to humans. 1550 00:52:34,640 --> 00:52:36,560 What does that mean in terms 1551 00:52:36,560 --> 00:52:40,100 of people's kind of 1552 00:52:40,100 --> 00:52:41,540 attitudes towards 1553 00:52:41,540 --> 00:52:43,234 biodiversity conservation 1554 00:52:43,234 --> 00:52:46,040 and habitat conservation. 1555 00:52:46,040 --> 00:52:49,474 And if they are better, 1556 00:52:49,474 --> 00:52:51,754 more likely to support it, 1557 00:52:51,754 --> 00:52:53,840 are less likely to support a given sort of 1558 00:52:53,840 --> 00:52:56,300 that potential disease transfer 1559 00:52:56,300 --> 00:52:58,500 and interaction. 1560 00:52:58,990 --> 00:53:02,030 Thank you both and thank you all for that. 1561 00:53:02,030 --> 00:53:03,470 So an additional question. 1562 00:53:03,470 --> 00:53:04,700 We only have a few minutes left, 1563 00:53:04,700 --> 00:53:05,570 so I'm going to look through 1564 00:53:05,570 --> 00:53:06,650 the list and again, thank you. 1565 00:53:06,650 --> 00:53:07,699 Keep the questions coming. 1566 00:53:07,699 --> 00:53:09,124 Will make sure the panelists 1567 00:53:09,124 --> 00:53:10,610 take take some time 1568 00:53:10,610 --> 00:53:11,900 to get get you some answers, 1569 00:53:11,900 --> 00:53:13,669 so please keep them coming in. 1570 00:53:13,669 --> 00:53:16,129 I mean, there is one question 1571 00:53:16,129 --> 00:53:18,199 which is and they didn't keep it brief, 1572 00:53:18,199 --> 00:53:19,220 it's Do you have 1573 00:53:19,220 --> 00:53:21,140 any suggestions of how you can even 1574 00:53:21,140 --> 00:53:22,250 have or start to have 1575 00:53:22,250 --> 00:53:24,800 a conversation with climate change. 1576 00:53:24,800 --> 00:53:25,939 Skeptics are really 1577 00:53:25,939 --> 00:53:28,054 hard core climate skeptics, 1578 00:53:28,054 --> 00:53:30,050 just simple tips, 1579 00:53:30,050 --> 00:53:31,490 rules of advice that you may have 1580 00:53:31,490 --> 00:53:33,079 as experts to engage 1581 00:53:33,079 --> 00:53:35,554 climate skeptics and a conversation 1582 00:53:35,554 --> 00:53:37,985 who's brave enough to start? 1583 00:53:37,985 --> 00:53:40,985 I'll just comment on this site. 1584 00:53:40,985 --> 00:53:43,849 I came here three years ago from and I was in 1585 00:53:43,849 --> 00:53:45,230 Maine and I was on the board for 1586 00:53:45,230 --> 00:53:47,060 the Natural Resource constitutive mean, 1587 00:53:47,060 --> 00:53:47,329 which was 1588 00:53:47,329 --> 00:53:49,925 the largest environmental audit organization. 1589 00:53:49,925 --> 00:53:51,950 And that was an organization 1590 00:53:51,950 --> 00:53:54,289 that got a lot of flack. 1591 00:53:54,289 --> 00:53:55,880 A lot of the work that they were doing. 1592 00:53:55,880 --> 00:54:00,304 And and, and to me these conversations 1593 00:54:00,304 --> 00:54:02,435 about trying to understand 1594 00:54:02,435 --> 00:54:04,249 what, what's common. 1595 00:54:04,249 --> 00:54:06,035 So there was a lot of sports folks, 1596 00:54:06,035 --> 00:54:08,000 sports people who would be very much 1597 00:54:08,000 --> 00:54:09,830 against organization that was 1598 00:54:09,830 --> 00:54:10,909 trying to protect the environment. 1599 00:54:10,909 --> 00:54:12,800 And this wouldn't make actually sense, right? 1600 00:54:12,800 --> 00:54:15,199 Because, you know, it's not about, 1601 00:54:15,199 --> 00:54:17,164 it's about protecting land and protecting 1602 00:54:17,164 --> 00:54:18,859 the kind 1603 00:54:18,859 --> 00:54:20,299 of recreation that you actually engage in. 1604 00:54:20,299 --> 00:54:22,730 So, so in my limited experience here, 1605 00:54:22,730 --> 00:54:24,845 I feel like trying to think about what's 1606 00:54:24,845 --> 00:54:27,604 sort of what we share in our values, 1607 00:54:27,604 --> 00:54:29,555 about nature, about the environment 1608 00:54:29,555 --> 00:54:30,769 is a good way to 1609 00:54:30,769 --> 00:54:32,764 try to have these conversations. 1610 00:54:32,764 --> 00:54:35,029 But, but I think this question 1611 00:54:35,029 --> 00:54:37,894 also said hardcore skeptics. 1612 00:54:37,894 --> 00:54:40,729 So I'm not sure that that 1613 00:54:40,729 --> 00:54:43,669 extreme sort of the yep. 1614 00:54:43,669 --> 00:54:45,845 But to me this idea of trying to think about 1615 00:54:45,845 --> 00:54:47,419 what the impacts are and 1616 00:54:47,419 --> 00:54:48,890 what we shine those effects. 1617 00:54:48,890 --> 00:54:50,540 This is one way to try to have 1618 00:54:50,540 --> 00:55:00,349 a conversation off then Brianne here yes. 1619 00:55:00,349 --> 00:55:01,399 At Ostia, she could talk 1620 00:55:01,399 --> 00:55:03,810 really specifically to this. 1621 00:55:04,000 --> 00:55:06,244 And I don't know that I had a ton of 1622 00:55:06,244 --> 00:55:08,750 personal experience and doing this and I had 1623 00:55:08,750 --> 00:55:09,830 been in a different position 1624 00:55:09,830 --> 00:55:12,019 then maybe unless people because 1625 00:55:12,019 --> 00:55:13,309 my my job as 1626 00:55:13,309 --> 00:55:15,650 a climate scientist gives me either some, 1627 00:55:15,650 --> 00:55:16,340 yeah, it gives me 1628 00:55:16,340 --> 00:55:17,600 some authority whether you want 1629 00:55:17,600 --> 00:55:20,450 to accept that or not. 1630 00:55:20,450 --> 00:55:21,889 But it gives me opportunities to 1631 00:55:21,889 --> 00:55:23,209 speak to audiences that may 1632 00:55:23,209 --> 00:55:24,769 have people who are skeptical in 1633 00:55:24,769 --> 00:55:26,119 them rather than 1634 00:55:26,119 --> 00:55:28,535 having a one-on-one conversation. 1635 00:55:28,535 --> 00:55:30,829 But based on kind of my understanding, 1636 00:55:30,829 --> 00:55:31,909 the way I think about this, I think 1637 00:55:31,909 --> 00:55:33,140 it's very difficult, 1638 00:55:33,140 --> 00:55:34,850 especially if you're trying to initiate 1639 00:55:34,850 --> 00:55:36,934 a conversation with someone 1640 00:55:36,934 --> 00:55:39,155 who is very conducted in their skepticism. 1641 00:55:39,155 --> 00:55:43,040 Because the Skepticism is rooted in 1642 00:55:43,040 --> 00:55:45,215 a lot of emotion if it's rooted 1643 00:55:45,215 --> 00:55:48,335 in messaging from trusted sources. 1644 00:55:48,335 --> 00:55:49,850 So it's very, it's 1645 00:55:49,850 --> 00:55:51,139 very difficult to overcome that. 1646 00:55:51,139 --> 00:55:52,969 And we're all, we're all 1647 00:55:52,969 --> 00:55:54,350 fine things about ourselves. 1648 00:55:54,350 --> 00:55:55,519 I think that that would 1649 00:55:55,519 --> 00:55:57,050 also be true for here. 1650 00:55:57,050 --> 00:56:00,185 We, we have, we all have our trusted sources. 1651 00:56:00,185 --> 00:56:02,075 So I think 1652 00:56:02,075 --> 00:56:05,210 approaching that requires thinking, 1653 00:56:05,210 --> 00:56:06,859 thinking about where the person 1654 00:56:06,859 --> 00:56:08,674 you're talking to is coming from. 1655 00:56:08,674 --> 00:56:10,850 Trying to understand why they have 1656 00:56:10,850 --> 00:56:12,770 the perspective that they have and 1657 00:56:12,770 --> 00:56:14,329 kind of understanding that can give 1658 00:56:14,329 --> 00:56:15,949 you an opportunity as to how 1659 00:56:15,949 --> 00:56:17,539 the saying to find 1660 00:56:17,539 --> 00:56:20,224 some shared values as opposed to, 1661 00:56:20,224 --> 00:56:21,530 as opposed to trying 1662 00:56:21,530 --> 00:56:22,579 to initiate a conversation. 1663 00:56:22,579 --> 00:56:23,630 That's something that's going to 1664 00:56:23,630 --> 00:56:25,789 immediately polarize a conversation. 1665 00:56:25,789 --> 00:56:29,960 That is usually a very effective way to, 1666 00:56:29,960 --> 00:56:32,210 to, to sway someone's thinking 1667 00:56:32,210 --> 00:56:34,429 on something in my opinion. 1668 00:56:34,429 --> 00:56:36,859 But I study the atmospheres kit 1669 00:56:36,859 --> 00:56:38,179 fairness rows. 1670 00:56:38,179 --> 00:56:40,190 One comment about this being 1671 00:56:40,190 --> 00:56:43,175 my only comment that is different 1672 00:56:43,175 --> 00:56:45,124 from what they've said already. 1673 00:56:45,124 --> 00:56:46,939 To think about it as 1674 00:56:46,939 --> 00:56:49,820 a conversation that you 1675 00:56:49,820 --> 00:56:52,459 may not be trying to win, right? 1676 00:56:52,459 --> 00:56:54,229 So trying to understand more 1677 00:56:54,229 --> 00:56:58,129 about how they arrive at their belief system. 1678 00:56:58,129 --> 00:56:59,509 And it's going to be 1679 00:56:59,509 --> 00:57:01,475 a very long conversation, 1680 00:57:01,475 --> 00:57:02,720 probably over the course of 1681 00:57:02,720 --> 00:57:04,205 many conversations. 1682 00:57:04,205 --> 00:57:08,930 One conversation isn't gonna do it well. 1683 00:57:08,930 --> 00:57:09,950 Thank you all. I can't 1684 00:57:09,950 --> 00:57:11,029 believe how time is fly, 1685 00:57:11,029 --> 00:57:12,559 but I want to be respectful of time. 1686 00:57:12,559 --> 00:57:14,405 We've already gone through or 60 minutes. 1687 00:57:14,405 --> 00:57:16,069 So I want to take 1688 00:57:16,069 --> 00:57:17,810 a moment to again thank Rose, 1689 00:57:17,810 --> 00:57:19,700 Paul and so on for joining us 1690 00:57:19,700 --> 00:57:22,024 at this third coded conversation. 1691 00:57:22,024 --> 00:57:23,480 And also thank all of you in 1692 00:57:23,480 --> 00:57:24,619 the audience for really 1693 00:57:24,619 --> 00:57:25,310 taking the time to 1694 00:57:25,310 --> 00:57:26,810 join this community conversation. 1695 00:57:26,810 --> 00:57:28,460 This is a critically important time 1696 00:57:28,460 --> 00:57:30,094 and a critically important topic. 1697 00:57:30,094 --> 00:57:31,250 One thing I'd like to say is 1698 00:57:31,250 --> 00:57:32,060 next week we take 1699 00:57:32,060 --> 00:57:34,804 a totally different twist in our panelists, 1700 00:57:34,804 --> 00:57:36,469 a group of faculty from PSU. 1701 00:57:36,469 --> 00:57:37,009 And we're going to talk 1702 00:57:37,009 --> 00:57:38,690 about pandemics in history. 1703 00:57:38,690 --> 00:57:41,615 And so we have doctrine a natal Meyer, 1704 00:57:41,615 --> 00:57:42,995 a Chair and Professor of 1705 00:57:42,995 --> 00:57:45,680 PSU's Judaic Studies who's an expert of 1706 00:57:45,680 --> 00:57:46,670 Jewish Studies scholar 1707 00:57:46,670 --> 00:57:47,645 interested in history and 1708 00:57:47,645 --> 00:57:50,495 Jewish Eastern Europe social outcasts. 1709 00:57:50,495 --> 00:57:52,114 We have Dr. Friedrich Schuller, 1710 00:57:52,114 --> 00:57:53,630 PSUs, history department, 1711 00:57:53,630 --> 00:57:54,950 who I believe has just recently 1712 00:57:54,950 --> 00:57:56,240 published a book on the history of 1713 00:57:56,240 --> 00:57:58,369 the quarantine station at the mouth of 1714 00:57:58,369 --> 00:57:59,480 the Columbia River back in 1715 00:57:59,480 --> 00:58:01,324 the last big global pandemic. 1716 00:58:01,324 --> 00:58:02,690 And then we also have Dr. Gene, 1717 00:58:02,690 --> 00:58:03,980 a Greco Chair and Professor of 1718 00:58:03,980 --> 00:58:06,244 PSU's world languages literatures department. 1719 00:58:06,244 --> 00:58:08,194 Dr. Greco, who's a professor of French 1720 00:58:08,194 --> 00:58:10,130 and very interested in medieval literature. 1721 00:58:10,130 --> 00:58:11,179 So I'm, I will take 1722 00:58:11,179 --> 00:58:12,304 a totally different direction, 1723 00:58:12,304 --> 00:58:14,179 but hopefully will continue 1724 00:58:14,179 --> 00:58:15,620 to showcase and be amazing faculty. 1725 00:58:15,620 --> 00:58:17,149 We have important stake. So again, 1726 00:58:17,149 --> 00:58:18,455 thank you panelists for joining us. 1727 00:58:18,455 --> 00:58:19,309 Thank you for everyone in 1728 00:58:19,309 --> 00:58:20,539 the audience for free, 1729 00:58:20,539 --> 00:58:22,174 or for joining us as well. 1730 00:58:22,174 --> 00:58:23,660 You know, if you're able, 1731 00:58:23,660 --> 00:58:25,009 hopefully you'll stay at home. 1732 00:58:25,009 --> 00:58:26,555 Hope everyone stay safe, 1733 00:58:26,555 --> 00:58:28,354 and I hope to see you all next week. 1734 00:58:28,354 --> 00:58:33,269 Thank you for joining us. 1735 00:58:34,630 --> 00:58:37,350 Thank you. Panelists