WEBVTT 00:26:48.000 --> 00:26:58.000 mountains, and further east onto the columbia plateau and that's something we don't always think of. You know. you kind of look at the mountains and that's a nice geographical break but you know you 00:26:58.000 --> 00:27:10.000 got to consider the you know East to West occurred just you know, in addition to the North-south movement, that your eyes are sort of naturally drawn to when you're looking at this landscape. 00:27:10.000 --> 00:27:22.000 The Salish Sea, which is a great name we Didn't always have that it's composed of Puget Sound, the Strait of Wanda Fuca, and the strait of Georgia. and among these Puget Sound, is the 00:27:22.000 --> 00:27:44.000 wider estuary, and as you look to the south it's, it's really the most protected and sheltered, which is interesting, because not all places on these on these waterways are the same, and you know sometimes when you 00:27:44.000 --> 00:28:01.000 look at a map it's it can be deceiving so the longevity of human occupation in the Puget at Lowland, which is the, you know, the glacial under underlying geology of this all these water 00:28:01.000 --> 00:28:11.000 bodies basically like, you know the depressions where we get water, and then the high parts where we have you know glacial material that that doesn't move. 00:28:11.000 --> 00:28:19.000 So The longevity of human occupation in the Pigeon Island has been confirmed. 00:28:19.000 --> 00:28:29.000 Archaeologically between 10 and 12,000 years ago, and recent work on the Northwest coast has found transfer stable populations in the early Holocene. 00:28:29.000 --> 00:28:35.000 So by the time of the Osceola mud flow event, which was approximately 5,700 Bp. 00:28:35.000 --> 00:28:40.000 Groups of people are expected to be widely distributed throughout the Puget Lowland. 00:28:40.000 --> 00:28:47.000 By this time and see level stabilization was not simultaneous. 00:28:47.000 --> 00:28:55.000 So different places, and the relative changes in local sea levels are not that well understood. 00:28:55.000 --> 00:29:05.000 And that's you know problematic of course when you're looking at shoreline environments which is where we do tend to find a lot of archaeology and good preservation. 00:29:05.000 --> 00:29:20.000 So, for instance, Madonna Moss, in her 2,011 Northwest Coast volume, explained that at that time only 20 archaeological sites on the entire northwest coast have been dated between 6,000 4,000 00:29:20.000 --> 00:29:29.000 400 conventional radio carbon error so that's not very many. i'm sure that number has gone up a bit. 00:29:29.000 --> 00:29:41.000 But so I I just turn this The salish C map here, looking for the East, which I think kind of gives you a different sort of view of coming from the ocean into you. 00:29:41.000 --> 00:29:48.000 Got to come in through the straight of Wanda Fuca, and then turning south toward Puget Sound. 00:29:48.000 --> 00:30:01.000 So adjustment and reconfiguration on an active landscape, is a trademark of archaeological sites on the northwest coast. yet it's not been really considered in the evolution of complexity across the 00:30:01.000 --> 00:30:14.000 Northwest coast. Abundant resources and stable populations have been inferred throughout the Middle and late Holocene, and more recent work reinforces that notion with increasingly specific data on household archaeology 00:30:14.000 --> 00:30:25.000 intensification of resources, monumentality, and trade networks from east of the mountains to the coastline, and I probably should mention that my advisor is Dr. Con. 00:30:25.000 --> 00:30:33.000 Greer. So a lot of this work relates to stuff that he and his colleagues are done, have done and are working on. 00:30:33.000 --> 00:30:42.000 For instance, the higher Resolution Research program at Prince Rupert Harbor has allowed for sustained theory. Building and small villages existed. 00:30:42.000 --> 00:30:50.000 There as early as 6,500 years ago. and that's a social unit that persisted into the late period alongside large villages. 00:30:50.000 --> 00:30:54.000 So you have multiple, you know, house configurations going on at that time. 00:30:54.000 --> 00:31:04.000 And in the middle hall scene people situated, small villages by lineage settled, and then they became established over time and trade works. 00:31:04.000 --> 00:31:10.000 Networks develops into the late policy. and the Middle Hall scene. 00:31:10.000 --> 00:31:15.000 Was a dynamic time, environmentally, when people had to adjust to the changing local conditions. 00:31:15.000 --> 00:31:27.000 I mean this is sort of a general statement but if you look at You know the sea level history and and other environmental factors. You know there's a lot of data that supports this. 00:31:27.000 --> 00:31:32.000 And also there's good oral history data that supports this as well. 00:31:32.000 --> 00:31:51.000 So eventually population growth increased. in sedentism. we have more evidence of that, and use of local research seems to intensify taking lots of different forms in the last 3,500 years, and the infrastructure is now being more and 00:31:51.000 --> 00:31:54.000 more recognized as a long-term investments in these places. 00:31:54.000 --> 00:32:00.000 So i'm not going to get too much into you know theoretical things. 00:32:00.000 --> 00:32:16.000 But this is a little graphic of marks and descartes arguing over meaning essentially and it's a graphic dealing with dilectical materialism, which is 00:32:16.000 --> 00:32:32.000 It's describing the tension between things when you're trying to sort of exploring something. And so this this cartoon is basically one saying the carts saying, Well, it's not real, and then Marx hits him on the 00:32:32.000 --> 00:32:35.000 head, and, you know, is that real do you feel that kind of thing. 00:32:35.000 --> 00:32:42.000 So I just thought i'd throw that in there to kind of show the different ways that I've been thinking about. 00:32:42.000 --> 00:32:53.000 These things because it's been an evolution to try to put together. these ideas, and you know what's actually possible and and doable to sort of understand this story. 00:32:53.000 --> 00:32:58.000 A little bit, or one version of this story so back to Pidget Sound. 00:32:58.000 --> 00:33:02.000 I've got my homework there and this is a nice map from the Puget Sound partnership. 00:33:02.000 --> 00:33:12.000 That sort of shows the different water bodies and so the water is slower, moving in Puget Sound, and it's the south end of the Saish sea. 00:33:12.000 --> 00:33:22.000 So you can imagine if you were sailing in there you know you there's no way out except for the sale back out of there, or to get on to land. 00:33:22.000 --> 00:33:25.000 So if you didn't live there you know it probably wouldn't be a good place to go into. 00:33:25.000 --> 00:33:41.000 If you didn't, if you were not welcome so the environment, considered here is geographically defined as shoreline, proximal valley and foothills west of the mountains in southern Pigeon Sound the environment includes the islands the 00:33:41.000 --> 00:33:55.000 mainland, shoreline, valleys, uplands, and the western slopes of the Casket Mountains, and so, by the late hole seen river down, cutting delta progressation and deposition from distributory channels provided 00:33:55.000 --> 00:34:01.000 stable areas to fish, and technologies flourished through cooperative stwardship of resources. 00:34:01.000 --> 00:34:05.000 The pattern of place necessary to sustain an abundant food. 00:34:05.000 --> 00:34:18.000 Economy over a prolonged period is considered here in the wake of an environmental disaster or then cataclysmic event, using a cultural landscape approach that interweaves the signatures of human and 00:34:18.000 --> 00:34:23.000 non-human agents. and by that I mean 00:34:23.000 --> 00:34:28.000 After say that landscape is changed or dramatically often. 00:34:28.000 --> 00:34:40.000 You know bugs and plants and animals are going to be the first to sort of re recolonize a landscape, and humans tend to follow. 00:34:40.000 --> 00:34:57.000 So how this study takes into account a landscape that is buried and not often applicable to strictly land management concerns to sort of an opportunity to to think about the entire landscape, and not because there is some really 00:34:57.000 --> 00:35:12.000 deep history to consider here. So this is a picture I took actually from a hike of Mount Tookuoma which I believe is the proper pronunciation. 00:35:12.000 --> 00:35:27.000 Rather than rainier The tribes in the area are Have an effort to get the name changed and have some more history revealed about you know, rather than just the recreational history. 00:35:27.000 --> 00:35:41.000 So there's some images there from cairo 7 which did a great story, and so the native cosmology oral histories and the archaeological record demonstrate that people were living on the Western plateau, and in the 00:35:41.000 --> 00:35:50.000 foot Hilton River, surrounding Mounttahoma prior to the mud flow, which again was about 5,700 years ago. 00:35:50.000 --> 00:36:05.000 This research explores archaeological settlement, patterning in the context of the mud flow by contrasting the before and after land use, distribution, documenting, collective action, post-mud, flow, landscape management strategies, and understanding the 00:36:05.000 --> 00:36:09.000 cultural meaning of trans transformative mud flows in the coastal foothill. 00:36:09.000 --> 00:36:16.000 Landscape of an inland sea. So this is the southern issue. 00:36:16.000 --> 00:36:35.000 Seed word for salt water, which is How people refer to Puget Sound. and this is a great Edward Curtis photo that's a public domain photo of some people on the sound So the northwest coast is very 00:36:35.000 --> 00:36:48.000 unique, because people never adopted agriculture. However, that archaeological record demonstrates sophisticated ways of living which varied from other forging societies in the world. 00:36:48.000 --> 00:36:53.000 So you know, this is taking the Northwest coast to a sort of a larger context. 00:36:53.000 --> 00:37:02.000 The geography of the Northwest coast influenced the characteristic seasonal, partial, partially sedentary cycles of food acquisition. 00:37:02.000 --> 00:37:07.000 A seasonal round idea kind of conjures up a four-season cycle of resource collection. 00:37:07.000 --> 00:37:15.000 But it's a much more complicated situation we're learning and continue to learn. 00:37:15.000 --> 00:37:26.000 It's not quite that straightforward and one of the most fundamental differences in cartography is the concept of land ownership which differs dramatically between indigenous communities and modern 00:37:26.000 --> 00:37:37.000 jurisdictions, indigenous efforts toward land sovereignty, sovereignty have embraced countermapping methods to culturally contextualize a landscape so based within 00:37:37.000 --> 00:37:41.000 landscapes is conceptualized holistically as places with meaning. 00:37:41.000 --> 00:37:50.000 This is much different than functionally identifying sites by logistical task type and plotting their distributions on a topographic map. 00:37:50.000 --> 00:37:57.000 Regional archaeologies can adopt an ecosystem approach through landscape study that puts resources on an unrank continuum. 00:37:57.000 --> 00:38:03.000 More hierarchical than a ranked food chain approach rooted in environmental determinism. 00:38:03.000 --> 00:38:10.000 You know this is sort of where you rank. you know the highest caloric intake, or how close you are to something. 00:38:10.000 --> 00:38:18.000 And and without considering non-eological factors that might play into choices. 00:38:18.000 --> 00:38:26.000 And so this is just a little history on how Why, Pizza Sound is name and pig. It sound. 00:38:26.000 --> 00:38:38.000 If You're unfamiliar Peter puget is the second lieutenant was the second Lieutenant and Captain vancouver's expedition of the the sailor, sea, there, and so in a 00:38:38.000 --> 00:38:41.000 ten-day period in 1,792. 00:38:41.000 --> 00:38:53.000 He He decided to go south and explore the southern main channel of Puget Sound, and to commemorate that Vancouver called it Puget Sound, with a an ownership there. 00:38:53.000 --> 00:39:01.000 That the apostrophe s has has lost you know has has gone away, but it's still referred to Puget Sound. 00:39:01.000 --> 00:39:15.000 And that initially was just south of tacoma narrows. but now it's just common to call the entire Washington portion of the Sea Puget Sound. So there's just a little history of that and it's kind 00:39:15.000 --> 00:39:22.000 of another great map, just looking about how you would go about navigating this shoreline. 00:39:22.000 --> 00:39:33.000 And so getting to my question and how I developed it. This is where the crm stuff comes in that Doug was talking about. 00:39:33.000 --> 00:39:53.000 I had a an opportunity to wouldn't say find a site but be there when a site appeared on the pelop Delta, and this is a really great map that was in a publication that brandy rank who's a 00:39:53.000 --> 00:40:06.000 Geo. archaeologist. that I worked with she published a paper that i'll refer to later. and Johannes Shea created this this graphic, which is really useful because this is not what to come looks like if 00:40:06.000 --> 00:40:21.000 you're driving down I 5 so it's it's kind of helpful before the pre channelization of the Pia River, and you can really see this embayment that comes back to the locations of peelp and 00:40:21.000 --> 00:40:25.000 Sumner, which i'm gonna get into the geomorphology in just a bit. 00:40:25.000 --> 00:40:28.000 But just to talk about the question and how I developed it. 00:40:28.000 --> 00:40:40.000 I just understood through this process that there's a lot of buried history and a lot of preservation in this environment because of the Delta progression. 00:40:40.000 --> 00:40:51.000 And just from working out there and talking to people what they've seen and and learning the history through working out there and working in the region. 00:40:51.000 --> 00:41:08.000 It's There's you know very high probability for you know good preservation. also, because it's you know, a coastal environment where you know shellman pervert preserves, and all those things. 00:41:08.000 --> 00:41:18.000 So I started getting interested in that. And then the some of the geoeological work kind of brandy. 00:41:18.000 --> 00:41:25.000 Yeah, some other work by geologists in the past. Dragovic was the Dragovic at all. 00:41:25.000 --> 00:41:35.000 94 is the main Washington geology publication. that is, the horizontal mapping of the extent of the Osceola month. 00:41:35.000 --> 00:41:50.000 Flow and understanding this is where I learned that these ancient deltas, you know we're further back, and when these sites that you're seeing maps on the modern delta. 00:41:50.000 --> 00:42:01.000 That landform was only available about 3,000 3,500 years ago, based on the the dates of super tidal surfaces. 00:42:01.000 --> 00:42:06.000 Where people could have, you know, Done? Thanks, done activities. 00:42:06.000 --> 00:42:24.000 So I was thinking, Well, there must be buried evidence further back that just got me interested in in thinking about this Middle Holocene, and this mud flow event and learning about some of the archaeology that's in the foothills and 00:42:24.000 --> 00:42:29.000 that also relates to some of the work that I did for my master's thesis. 00:42:29.000 --> 00:42:36.000 Which was a just a little bit north at the black river area which relates to this whole landscape. 00:42:36.000 --> 00:42:46.000 So I've been sort of trying to figure this out for a long time, and I'm still working on it with the help of lots of people. 00:42:46.000 --> 00:42:49.000 This is another graphic from some of that work that we did. 00:42:49.000 --> 00:42:58.000 The report came out, I think, in 2,010, and this is just to give you sort of an example of the environmental. 00:42:58.000 --> 00:43:00.000 The oscillation of the stability that you know. 00:43:00.000 --> 00:43:09.000 Places can be above water, and then go below water, and then, you know, re-emerge, and and people might return to those places. 00:43:09.000 --> 00:43:14.000 People might remake those places. they could be good for a certain thing, you know. 00:43:14.000 --> 00:43:18.000 One time. and so something else you know there's lots of possibilities. 00:43:18.000 --> 00:43:28.000 Not lots of change. And because this area is largely capped by the industrial fill for the port of Tacoma. 00:43:28.000 --> 00:43:32.000 That is another sort of you know, inkling to me that thinks. 00:43:32.000 --> 00:43:35.000 I wonder, you know, if you could just take a radar scan. 00:43:35.000 --> 00:43:38.000 I wonder what the preservation is below that for archaeology. 00:43:38.000 --> 00:43:53.000 It's just kind of interesting and So the environmental stability oscillated the intersection of self-sufficiency, ethics, and the value placed on communal resources. is not well. 00:43:53.000 --> 00:44:01.000 Understood. We know that there's hierarchical kinship structures throughout the northwest coast. 00:44:01.000 --> 00:44:07.000 And I I think that may have been a factor in the response to such an event. 00:44:07.000 --> 00:44:14.000 Like the the mud flow and other environmental changes So this is just sort of some graphics that I mocked up. 00:44:14.000 --> 00:44:32.000 Just i'm really trying to produce a some types of vigil visuals that can explain some of the because I think the visual record is, you know, very important, especially with what what we can do. 00:44:32.000 --> 00:44:43.000 Visually. Now, obviously, this is just a little mock-up, but trying to show when things were above above ground, and I mean above water and below water. 00:44:43.000 --> 00:44:53.000 These are just different environments where the rivers and the creeks are kind of changing as the deltas per grade programming. 00:44:53.000 --> 00:44:57.000 And one thing is, when you you know, consider this type of landscape. 00:44:57.000 --> 00:45:00.000 You know you could look at it as from being on land. 00:45:00.000 --> 00:45:11.000 But you really, when you think of approaching it from a boat, it makes a lot more sense on how you would access places like this that have a lot of great resources. 00:45:11.000 --> 00:45:30.000 But you could also fall underwater pretty easily. So this is another just kind of mock-up trying for of me, trying to understand the Delta architecture with some of the dates and the dates for the sites are all 00:45:30.000 --> 00:45:39.000 into the, you know, late Holocene, and they have the sites have indications of specific specific functions. 00:45:39.000 --> 00:45:57.000 You know that that there are certain places that are certain activities are are emphasized and other locations that are sort of customized for different activities, because you have, you know, inner title weirs. 00:45:57.000 --> 00:46:08.000 You have you know the the peal river that's coming down, you know, for salmon there's a lot of lot of environmental diversity and and the fact that this this is an emergent environment. 00:46:08.000 --> 00:46:17.000 You know, the last 3,000 years that occurred because of this mud flow event. 00:46:17.000 --> 00:46:23.000 The same thing is true. if the dwarfish delta but we're just i'm only concerned with the Count Delta here. 00:46:23.000 --> 00:46:31.000 It really opens up a lot of sort of I don't know possibilities for land use. 00:46:31.000 --> 00:46:43.000 I guess i'll say right now, and so traditional ecological knowledge and indigenous ontology provide different nuanced contexts for understanding human and environment. 00:46:43.000 --> 00:46:52.000 Interactions. The this project uses a historical ecology framework that draws upon language and indigenous ontologies to contextualize the data. 00:46:52.000 --> 00:47:04.000 So, so it's become clear to me in sort of my vision for what I want to know, and what's actually possible in a lifetime, much less a districtation. 00:47:04.000 --> 00:47:21.000 That the cultural memory and ontology aspect can actually fill in a lot of the context that the archaeological record does not just not supply. 00:47:21.000 --> 00:47:32.000 So the kin groups in the study area are the the region are borderless, and so people have different histories, identities, and memories. 00:47:32.000 --> 00:47:37.000 But they're distributed across these permaneable physical and metaphysical boundaries. 00:47:37.000 --> 00:47:44.000 Right, because the extended family networks offer sort of a solution to the need for shelter. 00:47:44.000 --> 00:47:56.000 If you know that structure persists in time which i'm suggesting that it does, then you know when the immediate goals of survival take precedence. 00:47:56.000 --> 00:48:03.000 The social geography of the landscape sort of comes into play. 00:48:03.000 --> 00:48:20.000 All right. So this is the mountain to sound watershed that really characterizes sort of how I understand the cultural landscape. 00:48:20.000 --> 00:48:30.000 I just I think I think it's interesting we have the Pel River, and there's no other native names for the river on the rivers on this map. 00:48:30.000 --> 00:48:35.000 But I do think it's interesting that the like puget sound. 00:48:35.000 --> 00:48:49.000 Has a European name, and, like Washington, does but a lot of the reverse maintain their indigenous names, and I think that has something to do with investment, and the skill that it would take to navigate and and know those 00:48:49.000 --> 00:49:00.000 landscapes. So back to the Mud Flow it covered 50,000 acres of Plateau Valley and embayment landforms with sediment, which is more than Mount St. 00:49:00.000 --> 00:49:08.000 Helens. it's just massive and so the legacies of the mud flow are that the white river actually reversed. 00:49:08.000 --> 00:49:16.000 It used to float in a different channel, and a reverse to the channel that we we know now and then. 00:49:16.000 --> 00:49:19.000 Of course, the progradation of the sediment. 00:49:19.000 --> 00:49:26.000 That now is represented in the Duwamisham kelp Beltus. 00:49:26.000 --> 00:49:38.000 So previous glaciations carved the pia trough which joins the Duwamish trough that Ording and Sumner and i'll show you a minute what that sort of upland geography looks like right there because I 00:49:38.000 --> 00:49:46.000 think it plays a part in maybe some immediate refugeia. because there's a lot of constraining of waterways. 00:49:46.000 --> 00:50:00.000 This is a great map that fish and wildlife has rendered, based on, I think, dragovic's work on the location of the embayments, and where things are. 00:50:00.000 --> 00:50:17.000 And this is nice because of eliminates all the modern stuff, and you can really see where that upland is in that area of lake taps just south of Auburn and west of the mule shoot reservation there. 00:50:17.000 --> 00:50:31.000 And so it's a complex landscape for sure and So the study hypothesizes that the acute need to take shelter, cause rapid abandonment of home locations on the enum claw 00:50:31.000 --> 00:50:35.000 plateau with safety paramount and survival. 00:50:35.000 --> 00:50:47.000 The immediate priority. People are expected to have retreated to nearby seasonal locations at first, and then fanned out to the outskirts of the horizontal length flow boundary within their social networks 00:50:47.000 --> 00:50:52.000 after a period of natural renewal, survive, are expected to have returned and rebuilt. 00:50:52.000 --> 00:50:58.000 After adjusting to the transformed landscape. All right. 00:50:58.000 --> 00:51:08.000 So this is a very crazy map of you know the extent of the mud flow, but as you can see you know it's it's coming down. 00:51:08.000 --> 00:51:21.000 It's deep incline and then it sort of blankets out on the on the plateau there So the big flat spot is is where the you know. call plateau that i'm discussing is and you'll see more 00:51:21.000 --> 00:51:28.000 graphics of that coming up. So the archaeology is buried under variable amounts of Lahar across a forested valley. 00:51:28.000 --> 00:51:33.000 Landscape which had been previously sculpted by glacial advance and retreat. 00:51:33.000 --> 00:51:40.000 This deep archaeology holds a record for understanding acute and chronic response to dynamic environmental events. 00:51:40.000 --> 00:51:45.000 The progradation of the Pyalp Delta was a boon for marine subsistence. 00:51:45.000 --> 00:51:53.000 Economies in the late Holocene and the local archaeology show settlement of the newly formed delta, as well as extensive use of the White River Basin. 00:51:53.000 --> 00:51:56.000 After the river reversed course due to the mud flow. 00:51:56.000 --> 00:52:00.000 Without a full understanding of this stability of coastal environments. 00:52:00.000 --> 00:52:17.000 Over time. A cultural sequence, accounting for the interactions and aggregations of populations on the northwest coast requires more of a retrograde approach, particularly when attempting to explain collector forager behavior across changing 00:52:17.000 --> 00:52:31.000 landscapes so i'm broadening this out to kind of a more generalized understanding about the movements of people, and what I mean by retrograde us. 00:52:31.000 --> 00:52:35.000 A great grade approach. Is that for a landscape study like this? 00:52:35.000 --> 00:52:39.000 I've got to sort of circle back to the initial data 00:52:39.000 --> 00:52:45.000 And and the excavations that were done, and then critically evaluate that data. 00:52:45.000 --> 00:52:51.000 In you know, in terms of what's possible right now what are the questions right now, and what perspectives? 00:52:51.000 --> 00:53:03.000 That we want to look at. So the riverine landscape of Southern Pget Sound provides the dynamic natural corridors and segments within which to explore landscape use well-worn travel 00:53:03.000 --> 00:53:07.000 corridors and anthropogenic landscapes are places made over time. 00:53:07.000 --> 00:53:15.000 The distribution of archaeological sites. Postmud flows, expected to include refugia and hiatus from the mud flow footprint. 00:53:15.000 --> 00:53:21.000 Influenced by the cultural landscapes, transportation pass, and embedded kinship networks. 00:53:21.000 --> 00:53:30.000 So this is a little animation from the Burke Museum. 00:53:30.000 --> 00:53:39.000 Water lines project, which is just great to it's only 7 s to sort of show you what that looked like. 00:53:39.000 --> 00:53:46.000 I think it's happens very quickly I think it's only like 20 min. 00:53:46.000 --> 00:53:50.000 I read something about, you know you would have to move out of this path. 00:53:50.000 --> 00:53:57.000 So 4 cubic kilometers of sediment collapsed on the northwest flank of the volcano. 00:53:57.000 --> 00:54:06.000 And from a stratographic standpoint it's a nice temporal marker, you know you can't miss the mud flow. 00:54:06.000 --> 00:54:12.000 If you've ever excavated any done any work up there. 00:54:12.000 --> 00:54:25.000 It's it's a really obvious deposit that's you know, unconsolidated and it's, of course, difficult to excavate through and that's why one of the reasons why we don't have a lot 00:54:25.000 --> 00:54:29.000 of good understanding about the Pre-mud flow landscape. 00:54:29.000 --> 00:54:38.000 So, anyway, the mud flow flowed down, you know, came down the landscape, and it kind of leveled out some of the hummocky areas. 00:54:38.000 --> 00:54:42.000 So in that way it was. It was also a positive 00:54:42.000 --> 00:54:49.000 The long term as well as you know, the cutting of the White River Channel. 00:54:49.000 --> 00:55:08.000 See. So the survey for a pre-mud flow deposits is probably more possible at the thinner outer boundaries, or in areas where you know, it was flattened out, and not filling giant you know 00:55:08.000 --> 00:55:12.000 embayments, where it can be up to 200 meters thick. 00:55:12.000 --> 00:55:22.000 Whoops. There we go again. Okay. So This is a postcard of the eruption of Mount St. 00:55:22.000 --> 00:55:38.000 Helens, which sort of kind of gives the the the feel of what it might have been like to experience an event like that so resilient resilience to environmental variability likely involve cooperative decision-making 00:55:38.000 --> 00:55:46.000 reciprocity, ethics related to cosmology and ontology, and the notion of home as a persistent place. 00:55:46.000 --> 00:56:04.000 So given the scope of the data, they're the state of the data and the financial scope of a dissertation. and my timeline, I am not, gonna you know, be drilling holes, you know, down 30 meters into the 00:56:04.000 --> 00:56:09.000 mud flow, to try to find preserved deposits which you know. 00:56:09.000 --> 00:56:23.000 At first I thought that would be wonderful wouldn't it but That's not that's not happening for a lot of reasons, but but i'm going to get into how i'm going to sort of approach understanding this event across the 00:56:23.000 --> 00:56:31.000 landscape and some of that's gonna be strategy, and some of it's gonna be other other lines of data. 00:56:31.000 --> 00:56:39.000 And this is a photograph of the Oso mudslide, which occurred in 2014. 00:56:39.000 --> 00:56:46.000 I want to say, up on the still awamish, silkwamish drainage, and it covered highway. 00:56:46.000 --> 00:56:52.000 5 30 you might have seen it in the news that's just to give you an idea. 00:56:52.000 --> 00:56:59.000 I mean, this is just a tiny mud slide compared to dossierola. 00:56:59.000 --> 00:57:17.000 But when you're, on the ground it's sure seems like a lot, and archaeologists were out there helping to do some work monitoring. And yeah, you can kind of see how difficult it is to manage an environment like this and this is 00:57:17.000 --> 00:57:23.000 from 45 days of rain, you know these are the dimensions of the debris. 00:57:23.000 --> 00:57:28.000 Flow destroyed 49 homes and There was 43 fatalities. 00:57:28.000 --> 00:57:38.000 So that's just sort of a little snapshot And so in terms of how people react to cataclysmic events. 00:57:38.000 --> 00:57:53.000 Here's some recent you know photos of most these are Katrina, and then I have the oso sort of picture up in the talk there, and data from you know, other communities. 00:57:53.000 --> 00:58:04.000 And and over time these events sort of make their way into the into the history and into the lore, and people are really attached to to place it. 00:58:04.000 --> 00:58:11.000 You know people come back to these places you know they don't they rebuild. 00:58:11.000 --> 00:58:17.000 I mean it's not the only thing that people do but I think you know there's some some good evidence that you know. 00:58:17.000 --> 00:58:26.000 That is sort of you know. if if systems are in place there you know. 00:58:26.000 --> 00:58:32.000 And there's really ties to landscapes especially in an ancestral way. 00:58:32.000 --> 00:58:52.000 Then, you know, there's gonna be more investment in you know, returning to a place. so the distribution archaeological sites, Post-mud flow is expected to include the refugee and hiatus and this 00:58:52.000 --> 00:58:57.000 is sort of a picture of it's not sort of a picture. 00:58:57.000 --> 00:59:11.000 It's a it's a Historic Photo of a cabin on the way to Mount Rainier, and this was an indigenous man's cabin, and apparently some of the early hikers to mount Rainier 00:59:11.000 --> 00:59:25.000 would would pass by, and sort of hang out there and and it's just kind of starting to think about these foothill environments, and what was going on. 00:59:25.000 --> 00:59:45.000 That's sort of you know where i'm going with this. So an ontological approach provides a universe large enough to account for multiple theoretical and conceptual positions within which to interpret research conducted at different skills and that's 00:59:45.000 --> 01:00:03.000 Why, it's useful here as an inclusive concept you know, thinking of homeland and also thinking of the space being. You know, the entire landscape is a space that's filled with human and non-human agents like plants 01:00:03.000 --> 01:00:12.000 and animals. So it's. it's a boundaryless environment different than sort of how we look at you know managing site boundaries and that sort of thing. 01:00:12.000 --> 01:00:24.000 And this is a subjective perspective that can work together with a more rigid, objective framework, like the siteless survey which was an ideal idea that dunno and Dancey put for it in 1,900 and 01:00:24.000 --> 01:00:31.000 83, where you sort of you know you don't have cultural places and non-cultural places. 01:00:31.000 --> 01:00:38.000 The example I always use is, you know. Sometimes we put a boundary on a you know, an occupation right on the beach. 01:00:38.000 --> 01:00:45.000 But then, you know the sort of walk to where the tide region is not, you know, that's still an active cultural landscape. 01:00:45.000 --> 01:00:55.000 But there's a component that you know it's a it's a liminal space, you know that has to do with with that place. 01:00:55.000 --> 01:01:01.000 So I'm gonna kind of speed it up a little bit because I think i'm gonna run over time. 01:01:01.000 --> 01:01:14.000 So this is an image of thunderbird and whale and that is an oral history that relates to the oscill and mud flow, but it's also a theme in mythology, that it's not 01:01:14.000 --> 01:01:24.000 mythology. But in the ontology that explains other events. So there's there's an explanation for why certain things occur. 01:01:24.000 --> 01:01:43.000 And the teachings that you know people learn there's you know there's a historical sort of process through which that occurs. 01:01:43.000 --> 01:01:57.000 And that that brings sort of the past into, you know a consciousness of, you know, transcendency between the past and the present, and so moving forward. 01:01:57.000 --> 01:02:13.000 This is an animated video. it's a still shot of the Honorable Billy Frank, junior, who is in Thisquality Wasn't as Folly Elder, and I was really excited to see that the Salmon Defense Fund 01:02:13.000 --> 01:02:26.000 had created this animation because I this is something I want to do we're talking about the story of the mud flow, because, you know, with technology and visualization of these stories. 01:02:26.000 --> 01:02:35.000 I think it's really powerful and there's a lot of you know ways to to get these these stories out and these ideas. 01:02:35.000 --> 01:02:52.000 And so this is just sort of an example of what's possible and kind of especially, you know, with environmental sustainability efforts, you know it's sort of an ethic that you know in the pacific northwest 01:02:52.000 --> 01:02:59.000 in general. so you know people can relate to that, and tie it into things to the landscape that they live in. 01:02:59.000 --> 01:03:11.000 Now. So traditionally ecological knowledge is key in understanding how locations were chosen, how they were made into places, and how they were remade into places. 01:03:11.000 --> 01:03:25.000 So one of the things that I want to look at as a result of the mud flow is, of course, it leveled all these trees in created open environments, And so there's a lot of prairie lands. 01:03:25.000 --> 01:03:48.000 In the White River Green River area that were cultivated and sort of kept open first, for lots of reasons, and so i'm interested in exploring that through looking at what we can get to understand plant use in the archaeological record so i'll get 01:03:48.000 --> 01:03:55.000 into that a little bit with some of my research. This is a picture of the this is the tribal journey. 01:03:55.000 --> 01:04:02.000 This is where people landed on the Highland Boast Creek drainage. 01:04:02.000 --> 01:04:07.000 And this is the only non-industrialized part of commencement. 01:04:07.000 --> 01:04:15.000 Bay in tacoma. Now so you can see people's still have, you know, quite a serious tie to the to the the landscape. 01:04:15.000 --> 01:04:40.000 There. This, again, is just another map of my sort of study area, and how I'm trying to understand you know the possibilities of where and when you know people move to different places and and just reacting to the sort of not constant 01:04:40.000 --> 01:04:51.000 change, but you know the weather can always be different, you know, in this this part of the world, and so you you kind of have to be flexible. 01:04:51.000 --> 01:04:58.000 I suppose, with your your residence and your food, acquisition and things like that. 01:04:58.000 --> 01:05:13.000 So. and so when I was talking about the uplands and Lowlands, if you don't know where you are, you know, like I was just saying in in the weather situation, if you don't know how to navigate this 01:05:13.000 --> 01:05:27.000 landscape You're not really gonna be successful in it and So these are just a couple pictures of forest activities that are difficult to see signatures of for lots of reasons documents. 01:05:27.000 --> 01:05:33.000 My heart calling Gary Weston, and there he is in the bottom left hand corner still out there screening in the woods. 01:05:33.000 --> 01:05:41.000 And that's you know visibility is difficult so it's really hard to know when you're in cultural places on the landscape. 01:05:41.000 --> 01:05:59.000 If you don't have that traditional knowledge this is just a nice map of the forested areas, and sort of that land ownership sort of way of looking at the landscape where things are divided up as far as what's 01:05:59.000 --> 01:06:08.000 sellable. and I also like this map, because you can really see where the embayment is, and where the mud flow came down and filled in that embayment. 01:06:08.000 --> 01:06:22.000 And so, as I was talking about the mud flow creating opportunity, you've survived, and all these trees were down, you know, you would have access to them. 01:06:22.000 --> 01:06:29.000 I assume, as raw materials, so that might be something that would be a benefit. for rebuilding. 01:06:29.000 --> 01:06:36.000 Perhaps i'm not sure, but seems like that would give you quite a nice supply. 01:06:36.000 --> 01:06:52.000 And so I was talking sort of about the evolution of what I want to learn and understand about this landscape, and I really kind of started to embrace the idea of doing more with less, as far as you the types of 01:06:52.000 --> 01:06:59.000 artifacts that are available, and the kinds of questions that we can get at. And then I just have this quote from Dr. 01:06:59.000 --> 01:07:10.000 Sarah, sterling who would tell me it's not what you find it's what you find out, and you know it's not you know it's really fun to find stuff. 01:07:10.000 --> 01:07:14.000 But the goal of this is to really understand this landscape. 01:07:14.000 --> 01:07:18.000 So here we are again. i'll skip past my study area. 01:07:18.000 --> 01:07:24.000 Then, I was gonna have a little historic interlude but we're too late for about that. 01:07:24.000 --> 01:07:36.000 But this is there's some great historical writings about this landscape that deal with the Indian wars of 1,853 and 56, and this Pulitzer prize writer Richard 01:07:36.000 --> 01:07:45.000 Klugger wrote this book and he really looked in their historical documents, and really describes it well. 01:07:45.000 --> 01:07:56.000 And so I kind of have it highlighted up on the right there, where it says the hills woods are thronged with Indians, you know, meaning, I think that they had. 01:07:56.000 --> 01:08:06.000 No, you know that the the volunteer soldiers who are the ones that were at this blockhouse here before the actual official army came in. 01:08:06.000 --> 01:08:16.000 You know they didn't understand this landscape and they were sort of having a rough time of it until they got some reinforcements. 01:08:16.000 --> 01:08:29.000 Let's say so. that's a nice historical account I just have a funny picture of Rambo here, because this environment actually they filmed Rambo first blood. 01:08:29.000 --> 01:08:37.000 I think it was in Bc. but they said it was in Washington, and it's like those are the stories you know, that are used to characterize in this this environment. 01:08:37.000 --> 01:08:55.000 But those aren't really the stories that I think properly show you know people that really understood and created ways to navigate this area successfully and create you know, the landscape that we we have today in certain ways i'll skip through 01:08:55.000 --> 01:09:04.000 this. This is a nice poster that Dennis Luark, Stephanie Trudeau, and Leonard Forestman, who are some former early co-workers of mind. 01:09:04.000 --> 01:09:11.000 Just kind of applauded different sites and and looking at the distribution of 01:09:11.000 --> 01:09:16.000 I occupations and activity areas and stuff and that's How I sort of first came to learn about this landscape. 01:09:16.000 --> 01:09:29.000 This is some of the stratographic modeling that that's a picture of Grandi and me down there the through some faces, analysis of different drilling, and boreholes was sort of able to put together that 01:09:29.000 --> 01:09:36.000 chronology that I mentioned, that is, in this court. Quaternary International Journal. 01:09:36.000 --> 01:09:55.000 Article and i'm, also interested in looking at the potential for remote sensing, particularly on the Plateau, where the mud flow isn't that thick because and learning more about sensing through working my with my advisor Colin greer who's there on 01:09:55.000 --> 01:10:03.000 the left we're doing some work that's James brown who's a colleague of mine, and teaching someone how to how to work. 01:10:03.000 --> 01:10:23.000 Gpr: So that's something that's a potential for understanding the environment. in certain places this is sort of the state of the research where i'm at obviously collaboration is ongoing because i've been in the area 01:10:23.000 --> 01:10:39.000 for so long I have some of existing relationships that I'm building on which is really useful, and I also will say that during this Covid time working locally has really been a good choice, because I haven't had any issues you 01:10:39.000 --> 01:10:44.000 know, as far as access and field work and that kind of stuff. 01:10:44.000 --> 01:10:51.000 So experiment archaeology. Some of you might be familiar with some of my hot rock research. 01:10:51.000 --> 01:11:09.000 I've been looking at boiling stones and the difference between expansion fractures and contraction fractures, and i'm interested in this, because people did not understand ceramics out here in this part of the 01:11:09.000 --> 01:11:25.000 world, and so they would use boiling stones lot more often, and you would heat the stones and then transfer them into a wooden or a basket container and culturally. 01:11:25.000 --> 01:11:35.000 A heated rock or a firecraft rock as you may know is pretty ubiquitous, and that is the data line that i'm actually going after for this study. 01:11:35.000 --> 01:11:48.000 So i've been doing some experimental archaeology trying to understand the selection of different materials, since we have this glacial landscape where you know, and the fluvial geography which you know kind of 01:11:48.000 --> 01:12:05.000 has quite an array of options. so I found out some things about different material types that are are more resistant for certain reasons, and i'm working on that, I got a little bit of funding from it the association for Washington 01:12:05.000 --> 01:12:18.000 archaeology to do some thin sections of my experimental studies, and i'm learning about about the fracture mechanics that results in the morphologies that we see in the field. 01:12:18.000 --> 01:12:27.000 And then i'm also working on some residue studies trying to get at that those cultivated plant species in those prairie environments. 01:12:27.000 --> 01:12:37.000 And just seeing what's the potential now, that we're getting more, you know different micro analyses, and and getting kind of funer grained. 01:12:37.000 --> 01:12:46.000 Look at soils and rocks, and and things that since we don't have the funnel record in the uplands because of acidic soils. 01:12:46.000 --> 01:13:01.000 So sorry some of the things that i'm you know thinking about are, you know, other activities like you know, not just food essentials, medicines, things like that dies. 01:13:01.000 --> 01:13:09.000 And then also preserve foods, because boiling activities are good for preserving a lot of foods. 01:13:09.000 --> 01:13:26.000 This up here is a picture of lipids which can help distinguish between terrestrial and aquatic mammals, and and different diets, which I think is sort of interesting comparing that for puget sound to the sort of our 01:13:26.000 --> 01:13:42.000 coast. So if there's a lot of potential i'm still kind of working out what's possible, and you know just kind of trying to put all this together in a way that that I can actually say something and make sense that's 01:13:42.000 --> 01:13:45.000 sort of where i'm at and so there's gonna be more to come. 01:13:45.000 --> 01:13:50.000 And and I just want to I have a lot of acknowledgments. 01:13:50.000 --> 01:13:57.000 I think Doug kind of said it all so i'll just end and see if we have time for questions. 01:13:57.000 --> 01:14:10.000 Thank you. Thank you so much, Kate Doug: You Wanna: I was just gonna let people do freak out. 01:14:10.000 --> 01:14:17.000 That suddenly shall be appeared. But yeah, they can away, Shelby, if I can find you guys on zoom again. 01:14:17.000 --> 01:14:23.000 Thanks Doug for for taken over apologies for being laid, actually caught. 01:14:23.000 --> 01:14:29.000 Most of it. Are there questions for for Kate? You can raise your hand or put your question in the chat, Megan. 01:14:29.000 --> 01:14:38.000 You just put your camera on. Yeah, I was a teacher so I just don't like to have the black boxes. 01:14:38.000 --> 01:14:42.000 I know it's good to see a face but Hi Kate that was. 01:14:42.000 --> 01:14:47.000 I love getting to hear more about your research like hearing you talk about it for a while. 01:14:47.000 --> 01:15:01.000 There's so much to it and so fascinating One thing I've been trying to think more about as just a lowly field tech right now is kind of the geography and geology of where i'm working 01:15:01.000 --> 01:15:09.000 You have any tips on kind of how I can start to where I can look to pick up some of that stuff. 01:15:09.000 --> 01:15:18.000 Yeah, a couple of the resources that I are quick sort of quick looks before I go in the field. 01:15:18.000 --> 01:15:36.000 There's serial geology maps that the usgs has, which are, I find, useful to know you know what's under your deposition, and when you're looking at soil reports if you go on the Nrcs 01:15:36.000 --> 01:15:49.000 there's. information. about the different soils there's other information and there's something that's called depth to restricted feature. and so, if you're not sure you know how deep you have to dig because you sometimes 01:15:49.000 --> 01:15:53.000 it's difficult to tell you know you're the nuanced glacial deposits. 01:15:53.000 --> 01:15:59.000 You may or may not be excavating into that can kind of give you a hint. 01:15:59.000 --> 01:16:06.000 And so those are just a couple things you know for i'm a non geomorphal geo archaeologist. 01:16:06.000 --> 01:16:12.000 But I just have picked up by paying attention, you know, and digging lots of holes. 01:16:12.000 --> 01:16:18.000 So you're you're doing the right thing michelle Punk. 01:16:18.000 --> 01:16:24.000 You want to go ahead? Yeah. hey, Kate? Thanks for that. 01:16:24.000 --> 01:16:39.000 That was really great i'm, especially interested because we currently doing a project that's right there in the Pellet River base, and we just took out series of cores from 5 from the 5 curves along I 5 all the way to 01:16:39.000 --> 01:16:45.000 the Caliph River and beyond. But in that area you know kind of the heart of where you're talking about. 01:16:45.000 --> 01:17:00.000 We were finding that the you know, 2,000 to 5,000 neural deposits are all around like 10 to 20 meters below surface, so as far as your 01:17:00.000 --> 01:17:08.000 The Gpr. potential i'd be a little worried about that you might find that those deposits are going to be a little bit more shallow along the edges. 01:17:08.000 --> 01:17:16.000 But in the center of the basin they're deep they're still deep, and that is a little bit further south than what you had there on Highibose. 01:17:16.000 --> 01:17:26.000 And so it may be the difference but it's it's pretty consistent that those the deposits of those age are are pretty deep. 01:17:26.000 --> 01:17:37.000 But if you're looking for a little bit earlier stuff there's there's definitely things there so I think it Really, I can talk to you more about targeting dates and and deposits based on what we've got if you 01:17:37.000 --> 01:17:41.000 want to i'm happy to share that kind of information as much as I can definitely. 01:17:41.000 --> 01:17:51.000 I was actually at first looking into Earth resistivity, tomography, because that would be the technique for deeper deposits. 01:17:51.000 --> 01:17:56.000 As I understand it, however, that is very expensive also, as I understand it. 01:17:56.000 --> 01:18:18.000 But if there was some you know industrial reason you know for drilling or development, or something, you know, perhaps so that'd be great to talk to you more about the depths of what's going on there a question that I had and 01:18:18.000 --> 01:18:27.000 i'm sorry I might have missed it not first 5 min, but I was really interested. 01:18:27.000 --> 01:18:36.000 You were talking about. You know the different perspectives you're taking and putting this together, and what kind of conversations or collaboration you have. 01:18:36.000 --> 01:18:45.000 I mean. I know you have connections with pearl up, and Michael Short. But what kind of feedback they've given you thus far on your research design, and where that part of the project might be going. 01:18:45.000 --> 01:18:50.000 I know. you're you're still sorting things out but I would love to hear where those conversations have gone so far. 01:18:50.000 --> 01:19:12.000 Yeah. there's a lot of interest definitely and some of the questions I have are in line with some of the questions that that , all of cultural resources are interested in and also the education aspect of it is something that i'm interested 01:19:12.000 --> 01:19:28.000 in incorporating so just kind of the approach kind of where are the sites, you know, because just kind of looking at that and understanding kind of what techniques would be necessary. 01:19:28.000 --> 01:19:37.000 You know, if there is development in this area, or if there is a disaster in this area, is, you know, not really a predictive model, but sort of in a way. 01:19:37.000 --> 01:19:48.000 But also contextualizing it in in those stories that, like I was saying, kind of, you know, fill in some of this this stuff that you know. 01:19:48.000 --> 01:20:00.000 Then environment. We're, not, we're not going to understand the full story of this, you know, and I started working at the modern Pelop Delta. 01:20:00.000 --> 01:20:14.000 But then, as you know under understanding, this it's taken me back you know further to the you know, claw Plateau, and that's but everyone's connected, and and it seems like as things move forward there's a lot of interest 01:20:14.000 --> 01:20:27.000 to understanding plants and understanding. you know cultivation of landscapes, the the work I've been doing looking at boiling stones and hot rocks. 01:20:27.000 --> 01:20:39.000 There's people seem excited about that and and it's a really good collaboration, We it's not a very straightforward process, as you know, for the for the residue. 01:20:39.000 --> 01:20:43.000 Analysis, so getting so clues on on what might be certain things to target. 01:20:43.000 --> 01:20:58.000 Definitely, I you know, without collaboration. I would be lost some of those things. So it's it's going really well, and i'm hoping that you know it'll keep moving in that direction to kind of make this work for 01:20:58.000 --> 01:21:22.000 everyone you know all the apes other, questions. for kate well We're getting a little past our time, and we've had you on the hook for over an hour, Kate. 01:21:22.000 --> 01:21:34.000 If there aren't any more questions now, I think you've given us a lot of food for thought, and looking forward to hearing where it all goes over the next couple of years, and talking with you more about residues and hot rocks Thank you 01:21:34.000 --> 01:21:38.000 for giving your time to all of us to share your work it's really good. 01:21:38.000 --> 01:21:41.000 Thank you, Doug, for taking over hosting duties. 01:21:41.000 --> 01:21:49.000 And I want to invite everybody to come the first Thursday of April to hear Jamie Kennedy of the University, Oregon Museum. 01:21:49.000 --> 01:22:07.000 History and culture. Talk about some of her Paleoetho botanical research here in Oregon, so to see everybody again soon.