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Corridor array.

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And then I'd like to
welcome everybody to

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the System Science Friday

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noon seminar series.

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We're happy to have.

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Cysts are going to see

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ideas Colombia presenting
to us today on a,

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on a very interesting

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topic which you
could read.

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And he'll tell
us more about

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the subject and give

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us a much better
introduction that I'm

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giving to his background,

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et cetera. Please proceed.

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Thank you very much.

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Airway and thank you
for inviting me.

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Make this
presentation where

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this idea came out.

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The common payroll for

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a journal which has

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an Italian researcher
gives names.

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Your Mariotti. Spark
of this stimulated

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these nice
discussion about

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potential
cross-pollination

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between engineering
and economics.

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And I thought it was very

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pertinent topic for us

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Eastern science a Abby's

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whole and that's the
topic of my talk.

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I think I would
pursue. What about,

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about myself?

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I am an Associate
Professor of

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Business Administration at

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the University in
Columbia, days.

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When US yet have any
unnamed boycott.

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Colombia.

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My background is Shane.

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I am originally trained
as an engineer,

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named also an engineer.

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And I have a PhD
in economics.

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Economics, economics
and business.

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And due to this
high I'm older,

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I had been always
curious to

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connect these
different mindsets.

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And I think
this connection

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is very important to face.

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Problems will happen
in our societies.

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Saw this.

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This is related pool.

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They know that.

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Okay, I'm going
to give you next.

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Mario TSA told you
at the beginning,

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wrote this recent paper
has been published.

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So some few days ago,

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in which he mentions
this connection.

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And then these
three paradigms.

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Throughout history.

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And mentioning
the connection

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between economics
and engineering,

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he mentions that he claims

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that these paradigms
can be labeled

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as economics for

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engineering economics

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and engineering economics.

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Us engineering.

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Each then in octane,

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like different
stage in which

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this link has
been present.

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So I'm going to refer

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to this is
epistemologists.

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One way of connecting

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economics and
engineering has

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happened in the
past is through

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the traditional
constant those fall

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or IBS on design.

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So tradition of
the sinus up reach

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between disciplines.

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I offers a common
ground to link,

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to connect this to a

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reasonably nice
but somewhere.

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Some problems.

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So important
problems related,

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for example,
to inequality,

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unsustainability,

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political polarization,
and so on,

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require a different
dimension of sine.

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So refer to this

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as the sinus core
participation.

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And I ask lately,

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hunger, beast say concept.

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If engineering and
economics can be allies.

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I will present briefly

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some of the projects in

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which I have
been an image.

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I also claim
that this idea

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solve our design has been,

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have been present to

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represent this
nexus between them.

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So I will present
mentioned this idea.

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So Mario piece paper.

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He says that through,
throughout the course

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of history there have

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been 20 print paradigms.

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One very oily, say,

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you see in
economics concepts

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in the assessment of
engineering projects.

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So probably you
know that if you

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have a background
in engineering,

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uranium economics
is a course

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you can take a stab at

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student in which these
concepts are used to.

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Project evaluation,
for example,

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of engineering products.

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So that was like

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the first encounter
he Mencius,

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between these two fields.

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But later, for example,

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mentioning the initial
peace initiatives

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that appeared in

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some places lacking
at Stanford,

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Stanford University
in the sixties.

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They,

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they have this engineering

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economics initiative and

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they aim to develop

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interdisciplinary efforts
between these two.

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But later in the nineties,

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I can invade the united

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for maybe a bit earlier.

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Some very important name

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seeing in economics like I

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do growth, port Milgram,

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Milgram's use this Indian

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a mindset for
market design.

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And they referred to
market design has

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sub field in which

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engineering principles
may be applied.

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But also a
Mariotti discusses

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that these paradigms
are not sufficient.

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Tackle a contemporary
societal problems.

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Your name, renaming

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and inequality, postcards,

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features, spread
of misinformation,

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forced migration
and so on.

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So the question
if it is E,

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union and economics can

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poach or transdisciplinary
Alliance.

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And meaning we 10th
disciplinarity

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forming a new approach

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or perhaps any discipline.

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So I argued that an
incubation might

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happen clearly along
some directions,

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but not so clearly
and others.

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But, but this
directions all RFP,

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That's what I
want to explore.

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This has two distinct
epistemologies.

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Quoting Less here.

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An economist at Stanford,

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many years here, this
is our famous paper.

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You said that economics
is not only a science

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or social science,
but science.

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Like the physical
sciences.

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Economics have the same
scientific operands.

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In contrast, for
example, you use here,

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for example, what, what
engineers about me?

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Discipline.
This quote from

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1935 and that appear
here in this,

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in this piece from 1975.

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Quoting from
Coleman's words about

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the salient difference

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between science
and engineering,

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sandwich started the word,

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engineers create
the world.

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That has never be.

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So these two quotes
present the different,

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two different mindsets
of these two.

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But when we compare

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science, generally
speaking,

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and engineering, we can

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mention some are some
very clear differences.

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Sexual truth in science
and positionality.

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Positionality your problem

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solving in engineering,

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analysis in science,
in science,

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design and synthesis
and Engineering.

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At least in economics.

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This is very important
for supporting them.

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So theorizing it in with
mathematical models,

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necessary and sufficient,

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sufficient conditions.

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This is not so

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important in
engineering where the

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implementation and

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implementation
of solutions.

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Key description explanation
is keen science.

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Prescription.

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Practical problem-solving

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is fundamentally
in January.

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So despite this,

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there are
commonalities between

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these both of
these disciplines.

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The techniques,
for example,

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we will use PEDOT.

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We go to the back

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00:10:06,935 --> 00:10:13,774
and check the revised
a history of 0.

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Development of the
two disciplines.

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Optimization, for example,
is use heavy boat,

208
00:10:19,895 --> 00:10:22,895
probably purely
stochastic processes.

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And they have resulted in

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very important
applications that

211
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you can see today.

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Allegory, big game
theory or mechanism,

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design, markup,
perfect equilibria,

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computer, computer
mediated transactions,

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financial networks,
and so on,

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what the two disciplines
seem to converge.

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So in that sense,

218
00:10:48,170 --> 00:10:53,960
design refers to
the use what OP,

219
00:10:53,960 --> 00:10:56,444
binds modeling
techniques to find.

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00:10:56,444 --> 00:10:58,405
And preserve optimal

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or near optimal solutions.

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00:11:00,070 --> 00:11:02,455
And this is very common in

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00:11:02,455 --> 00:11:06,429
highly organized markets
like energy options,

224
00:11:06,429 --> 00:11:09,800
blockchain operations,
and so forth.

225
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So this dimension
of design

226
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is much cheaper
machine type one.

227
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Here design is.

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This perspective of
design serves as

229
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a common ground for
the integration

230
00:11:25,060 --> 00:11:28,249
of economics and
engineering. Of course.

231
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This is very compatible

232
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with the support to
completing choice.

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So we go to the
definitions

234
00:11:41,830 --> 00:11:48,279
of games March and all
seen 96 and my eight.

235
00:11:48,279 --> 00:11:50,395
But the logical
consequences.

236
00:11:50,395 --> 00:11:53,530
This is an approach
which is clearly

237
00:11:53,530 --> 00:11:57,805
normative that uses
advanced modeling

238
00:11:57,805 --> 00:12:00,940
to support intelligent,
intelligent choice.

239
00:12:00,940 --> 00:12:06,715
And this is very
distinctive in economics.

240
00:12:06,715 --> 00:12:09,850
Or this approach
to assign,

241
00:12:09,850 --> 00:12:11,695
which promises to some

242
00:12:11,695 --> 00:12:12,999
very interesting problems

243
00:12:12,999 --> 00:12:15,160
related to marketing
inefficiencies,

244
00:12:15,160 --> 00:12:18,250
of course, also
has its parallels.

245
00:12:18,250 --> 00:12:22,094
For example, the
potential misuse.

246
00:12:22,094 --> 00:12:26,060
The concept of four
much in economics as

247
00:12:26,060 --> 00:12:29,854
an extension of Homo,
homo economicus.

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00:12:29,854 --> 00:12:32,540
Economics, I
sub b equal to

249
00:12:32,540 --> 00:12:37,249
constrain pluralism
in economics.

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00:12:37,249 --> 00:12:43,020
So The danger is

251
00:12:43,390 --> 00:12:46,970
to go along the path of

252
00:12:46,970 --> 00:12:48,155
a value-free alcohol eat

253
00:12:48,155 --> 00:12:50,105
meat economy, for example.

254
00:12:50,105 --> 00:12:53,270
That may leave,
may leave out

255
00:12:53,270 --> 00:12:55,370
historical context to

256
00:12:55,370 --> 00:12:57,739
our cultural and
political features

257
00:12:57,739 --> 00:12:59,285
of our societies.

258
00:12:59,285 --> 00:13:01,370
So this is one sided.

259
00:13:01,370 --> 00:13:04,789
Well, disintegration
might have benefits,

260
00:13:04,789 --> 00:13:07,295
but also some drawbacks.

261
00:13:07,295 --> 00:13:11,449
So an alternate
the flavor of

262
00:13:11,449 --> 00:13:13,894
design is

263
00:13:13,894 --> 00:13:17,299
conceiving resign as
core participation.

264
00:13:17,299 --> 00:13:18,979
So and we all
maybe you are

265
00:13:18,979 --> 00:13:20,959
familiar with the work of

266
00:13:20,959 --> 00:13:23,030
Peter Checkland on

267
00:13:23,030 --> 00:13:26,939
subsistence methodologies
in Mencius.

268
00:13:26,980 --> 00:13:29,914
Talks about human systems,

269
00:13:29,914 --> 00:13:32,434
of human activity systems.

270
00:13:32,434 --> 00:13:37,070
Where we have then
diverse points of view,

271
00:13:37,070 --> 00:13:39,755
pluralistic
solutions where I

272
00:13:39,755 --> 00:13:43,835
meanings to system
onto problems.

273
00:13:43,835 --> 00:13:50,690
Second, Vincent
Ostrom from my 1980,

274
00:13:50,690 --> 00:13:54,185
he argued that
organizations are

275
00:13:54,185 --> 00:13:58,219
some artifacts that
contains their,

276
00:13:58,219 --> 00:13:59,779
or their own artisan.

277
00:13:59,779 --> 00:14:01,370
So the sadness,
the sadness

278
00:14:01,370 --> 00:14:03,935
or 50 system, they
are the same.

279
00:14:03,935 --> 00:14:08,059
And these ideas are
compatible also

280
00:14:08,059 --> 00:14:10,669
with Bella by nappy CBS

281
00:14:10,669 --> 00:14:13,620
about social system sign.

282
00:14:14,170 --> 00:14:18,530
So here the sign is
very different from

283
00:14:18,530 --> 00:14:21,634
the matching time approach

284
00:14:21,634 --> 00:14:25,429
that I just mentioned
in the previous slide.

285
00:14:25,429 --> 00:14:28,189
And this is obviously

286
00:14:28,189 --> 00:14:29,854
very close to this logic.

287
00:14:29,854 --> 00:14:33,810
Copper, appropriate,
That's appropriateness.

288
00:14:33,910 --> 00:14:37,799
That Jamie smart
conformations

289
00:14:38,110 --> 00:14:40,369
is add a choice in

290
00:14:40,369 --> 00:14:41,450
organizations is

291
00:14:41,450 --> 00:14:43,744
dependent on
institutional rules,

292
00:14:43,744 --> 00:14:50,869
identity, possibilities

293
00:14:50,869 --> 00:14:54,710
for conflict,

294
00:14:54,710 --> 00:14:57,469
ambiguity, power,
evolution.

295
00:14:57,469 --> 00:15:01,129
And this one, these
characteristics are, are,

296
00:15:01,129 --> 00:15:03,034
are very common in

297
00:15:03,034 --> 00:15:05,464
contemporary
organizations.

298
00:15:05,464 --> 00:15:09,245
So this is very different
from this and delay

299
00:15:09,245 --> 00:15:13,069
a intelligent
choice perspective

300
00:15:13,069 --> 00:15:17,730
that a economics apparatus

301
00:15:17,920 --> 00:15:20,615
may approach very well.

302
00:15:20,615 --> 00:15:24,365
But if we go to
Inspect reallly PWM,

303
00:15:24,365 --> 00:15:29,630
how real organizations
function,

304
00:15:29,630 --> 00:15:31,669
we have to take
into account

305
00:15:31,669 --> 00:15:33,499
some more aspects which

306
00:15:33,499 --> 00:15:35,690
are more related
to this idea.

307
00:15:35,690 --> 00:15:38,150
In his critique
of Checkland

308
00:15:38,150 --> 00:15:40,714
about human
activity systems.

309
00:15:40,714 --> 00:15:42,620
There is a nice piece that

310
00:15:42,620 --> 00:15:44,330
appeared in systems
engineering

311
00:15:44,330 --> 00:15:47,749
in 2016 about

312
00:15:47,749 --> 00:15:51,125
the epistemology
of enterprises.

313
00:15:51,125 --> 00:15:54,784
But NOx and grows.

314
00:15:54,784 --> 00:15:57,980
They mentioned
that prediction is

315
00:15:57,980 --> 00:16:00,799
very difficult then
insertion social systems.

316
00:16:00,799 --> 00:16:04,010
And that adaptive
strategies are

317
00:16:04,010 --> 00:16:07,474
bearer in order
to still change.

318
00:16:07,474 --> 00:16:08,779
Instead of looking poor

319
00:16:08,779 --> 00:16:10,820
prediction and control.

320
00:16:10,820 --> 00:16:13,024
So the sandwich, this has

321
00:16:13,024 --> 00:16:15,080
a different flavor
of the sign.

322
00:16:15,080 --> 00:16:18,109
So what a, what I argue is

323
00:16:18,109 --> 00:16:21,020
that that complexity
economics, for example,

324
00:16:21,020 --> 00:16:26,824
maybe a breach may
constitute a breach.

325
00:16:26,824 --> 00:16:30,440
Connect the systems
engineering IDS,

326
00:16:30,440 --> 00:16:38,030
an economic mindset,
and systems sciences.

327
00:16:38,030 --> 00:16:42,410
Systems methods like IBM,

328
00:16:42,410 --> 00:16:43,430
system dynamics,

329
00:16:43,430 --> 00:16:44,689
participatory modelling,

330
00:16:44,689 --> 00:16:47,089
subsistence methodologies.

331
00:16:47,089 --> 00:16:49,160
Systems map.

332
00:16:49,160 --> 00:16:53,989
As one maybe glue

333
00:16:53,989 --> 00:16:58,309
that can connect these
two disciplines,

334
00:16:58,309 --> 00:17:00,980
at least in this
dimension, is when,

335
00:17:00,980 --> 00:17:05,930
when we consider
the complexity side

336
00:17:05,930 --> 00:17:08,729
of economics or
complexity background.

337
00:17:09,820 --> 00:17:20,600
So I'm going to
briefly show some,

338
00:17:20,600 --> 00:17:24,754
some projects
that have been

339
00:17:24,754 --> 00:17:31,594
involved in and see
these pictures.

340
00:17:31,594 --> 00:17:34,445
Show these
features, how, how,

341
00:17:34,445 --> 00:17:39,784
this the
connection between

342
00:17:39,784 --> 00:17:43,039
foundations,
theories and models.

343
00:17:43,039 --> 00:17:46,655
You seen IDS1,
complexity economics,

344
00:17:46,655 --> 00:17:48,934
and mainly may connect

345
00:17:48,934 --> 00:17:52,910
with engineering and
systems practice.

346
00:17:52,910 --> 00:17:55,430
Now in very different.

347
00:17:55,430 --> 00:17:59,819
So the first, I
want to mention

348
00:18:01,030 --> 00:18:04,579
these weight developing

349
00:18:04,579 --> 00:18:06,904
qualitative simulations

350
00:18:06,904 --> 00:18:09,215
for systemic
understanding.

351
00:18:09,215 --> 00:18:11,539
This is how our project,

352
00:18:11,539 --> 00:18:14,075
we actually cute it.

353
00:18:14,075 --> 00:18:19,444
I executed with a
colleague in 2012,

354
00:18:19,444 --> 00:18:22,655
dealt with they be
Tuition Program or

355
00:18:22,655 --> 00:18:26,345
near 0 energy buildings
in the Netherlands.

356
00:18:26,345 --> 00:18:28,160
Context.

357
00:18:28,160 --> 00:18:30,859
But the business
sector is this.

358
00:18:30,859 --> 00:18:32,344
According to
data, we have,

359
00:18:32,344 --> 00:18:34,955
at the moment accounts for

360
00:18:34,955 --> 00:18:38,615
20 percent of the total
energy consumption.

361
00:18:38,615 --> 00:18:44,569
So one of the core
concerns for the old man

362
00:18:44,569 --> 00:18:46,940
was to foster
the construction

363
00:18:46,940 --> 00:18:51,260
of these
energy-saving bins.

364
00:18:51,260 --> 00:18:54,305
That, and that may,

365
00:18:54,305 --> 00:18:56,149
that may enable energy

366
00:18:56,149 --> 00:18:58,610
consumption reductions.

367
00:18:58,610 --> 00:19:01,999
So for this, we
got in touch with

368
00:19:01,999 --> 00:19:05,240
a main actors
of this system.

369
00:19:05,240 --> 00:19:09,904
Interviews where
were carried out

370
00:19:09,904 --> 00:19:11,690
in the CEO's you

371
00:19:11,690 --> 00:19:15,329
through interrupting
the denialist?

372
00:19:16,660 --> 00:19:18,469
My colleague.

373
00:19:18,469 --> 00:19:20,849
I wasn't there but he

374
00:19:21,490 --> 00:19:24,650
wasn't tracked
over this part.

375
00:19:24,650 --> 00:19:28,445
Gather information
from 2006

376
00:19:28,445 --> 00:19:31,355
up tos through
semi-structured interviews.

377
00:19:31,355 --> 00:19:36,890
So very good
qualitative information

378
00:19:36,890 --> 00:19:38,840
to inspect how
the system works.

379
00:19:38,840 --> 00:19:42,364
So this is what

380
00:19:42,364 --> 00:19:45,335
came out from the,
from the interviews.

381
00:19:45,335 --> 00:19:48,185
We develop this kind
of systemic diagrams,

382
00:19:48,185 --> 00:19:55,460
which shall we placed

383
00:19:55,460 --> 00:19:58,339
actors like the
national government,

384
00:19:58,339 --> 00:20:00,064
the municipalities,

385
00:20:00,064 --> 00:20:01,429
knowledge institutions,

386
00:20:01,429 --> 00:20:04,580
developers,
construction companies,

387
00:20:04,580 --> 00:20:08,285
sectors in this designer,

388
00:20:08,285 --> 00:20:13,320
but also factors
in which they,

389
00:20:15,400 --> 00:20:19,609
they, they affect
and they use

390
00:20:19,609 --> 00:20:23,029
also they have
some influence in

391
00:20:23,029 --> 00:20:26,060
terms of the
information and

392
00:20:26,060 --> 00:20:28,279
the money flow that went

393
00:20:28,279 --> 00:20:31,655
through all these links.

394
00:20:31,655 --> 00:20:35,009
Like pre-designed, long as

395
00:20:37,900 --> 00:20:44,119
prices, costs as well.

396
00:20:44,119 --> 00:20:47,570
So I'm going to,

397
00:20:47,570 --> 00:20:50,029
I'm not going to
go to all very

398
00:20:50,029 --> 00:20:52,400
big providing
these the page,

399
00:20:52,400 --> 00:20:54,289
this is just for
your reference,

400
00:20:54,289 --> 00:20:55,939
any information
about this product.

401
00:20:55,939 --> 00:20:59,329
So what we did and the
parking from this,

402
00:20:59,329 --> 00:21:03,035
we built up making
based conceptual model,

403
00:21:03,035 --> 00:21:05,239
which we tried,

404
00:21:05,239 --> 00:21:12,994
map key information
from this diagram.

405
00:21:12,994 --> 00:21:16,955
In a computational
framework representing

406
00:21:16,955 --> 00:21:23,810
key decisions of
the municipality,

407
00:21:23,810 --> 00:21:27,600
developers, clients
themselves.

408
00:21:27,700 --> 00:21:29,809
These are
represented here.

409
00:21:29,809 --> 00:21:33,785
So some features,
for example,

410
00:21:33,785 --> 00:21:37,940
are constructing
a house was

411
00:21:37,940 --> 00:21:42,200
depending on on
land acquisitions,

412
00:21:42,200 --> 00:21:46,640
for example, from
selling that.

413
00:21:46,640 --> 00:21:50,180
Government collect taxes.

414
00:21:50,180 --> 00:21:52,564
There were also decisions

415
00:21:52,564 --> 00:21:54,139
about construction
in terms

416
00:21:54,139 --> 00:21:59,939
of house types
by developers.

417
00:22:00,820 --> 00:22:05,359
Those, those
decisions ink with L.

418
00:22:05,359 --> 00:22:08,525
So this sequence of
kinds where they buy

419
00:22:08,525 --> 00:22:14,655
a normal house or
energy-saving house.

420
00:22:14,655 --> 00:22:16,850
So this is like those.

421
00:22:16,850 --> 00:22:19,219
The flow of the decisions

422
00:22:19,219 --> 00:22:22,260
is represented,
represent it.

423
00:22:22,270 --> 00:22:24,859
So this is like a snapshot

424
00:22:24,859 --> 00:22:26,689
of how this model, well,

425
00:22:26,689 --> 00:22:28,924
we built a modern which we

426
00:22:28,924 --> 00:22:35,465
represent like an
artificial market.

427
00:22:35,465 --> 00:22:39,150
We developers locations.

428
00:22:39,490 --> 00:22:43,430
Each say on this
rate is like

429
00:22:43,430 --> 00:22:46,430
how possibly
keep some piece

430
00:22:46,430 --> 00:22:49,009
of land where a
house can be built.

431
00:22:49,009 --> 00:22:52,429
I will check their
dynamics using these are

432
00:22:52,429 --> 00:22:54,410
the qualitative
features derived

433
00:22:54,410 --> 00:22:58,144
from these semi-structured
materialism.

434
00:22:58,144 --> 00:23:00,979
So of course,

435
00:23:00,979 --> 00:23:02,735
we didn't have any
intention to predict

436
00:23:02,735 --> 00:23:07,759
anything just to
explore the ideas

437
00:23:07,759 --> 00:23:12,159
that people have at

438
00:23:12,159 --> 00:23:14,380
the time they
were collected.

439
00:23:14,380 --> 00:23:17,110
For, for them, it
was surprising

440
00:23:17,110 --> 00:23:19,000
to see more
shampoo that they,

441
00:23:19,000 --> 00:23:20,679
they they claim that

442
00:23:20,679 --> 00:23:23,950
they have reduction
of construction times

443
00:23:23,950 --> 00:23:29,079
may prove a house
availability

444
00:23:29,079 --> 00:23:30,220
is an effect prices.

445
00:23:30,220 --> 00:23:32,199
But for example,
running this model,

446
00:23:32,199 --> 00:23:34,480
we begin seeing EPA.

447
00:23:34,480 --> 00:23:38,965
So the model here
serves to work to

448
00:23:38,965 --> 00:23:42,055
confront the intuition

449
00:23:42,055 --> 00:23:44,569
that these actors have.

450
00:23:44,610 --> 00:23:48,430
And we expected
shaking like cow per

451
00:23:48,430 --> 00:23:51,695
i. Parameter combination,

452
00:23:51,695 --> 00:23:54,049
many different scenarios.

453
00:23:55,260 --> 00:23:57,850
How, for example,
the depletion

454
00:23:57,850 --> 00:24:00,339
of these
energy-saving houses.

455
00:24:00,339 --> 00:24:04,360
My unfold over time.

456
00:24:04,360 --> 00:24:07,494
We spend with Burma
houses in some cases.

457
00:24:07,494 --> 00:24:12,084
How these can
be increased.

458
00:24:12,084 --> 00:24:14,140
For example, we, we tested

459
00:24:14,140 --> 00:24:16,930
the friend price
sensitivities

460
00:24:16,930 --> 00:24:19,629
with respect to depend
on poor sensitivity,

461
00:24:19,629 --> 00:24:21,309
discomfort was how to

462
00:24:21,309 --> 00:24:23,110
name something important,

463
00:24:23,110 --> 00:24:28,825
name a in the interviews
with clients.

464
00:24:28,825 --> 00:24:31,960
So we represent
that come forth

465
00:24:31,960 --> 00:24:36,075
as something that we
can measure here.

466
00:24:36,075 --> 00:24:42,919
We'll represent it in
a fashion that gave

467
00:24:42,919 --> 00:24:47,614
client's criteria
to decide

468
00:24:47,614 --> 00:24:50,165
where to buy a
normal house or are

469
00:24:50,165 --> 00:24:53,150
any E saving house.

470
00:24:53,150 --> 00:24:55,430
So this is, this

471
00:24:55,430 --> 00:24:56,929
is one of the
projects in which

472
00:24:56,929 --> 00:25:00,694
we bought this so-called
poor participation.

473
00:25:00,694 --> 00:25:03,619
Ali, public information.

474
00:25:03,619 --> 00:25:08,929
Quantitative field
work through

475
00:25:08,929 --> 00:25:12,185
interviews and
also computation.

476
00:25:12,185 --> 00:25:17,129
Computation. So our
second example,

477
00:25:18,100 --> 00:25:24,530
this is a project
from 2007 PLP.

478
00:25:24,530 --> 00:25:27,005
We inspected the role of

479
00:25:27,005 --> 00:25:29,944
middlemen in
agricultural markets.

480
00:25:29,944 --> 00:25:32,434
This intermediary agents

481
00:25:32,434 --> 00:25:34,520
that byproduct product

482
00:25:34,520 --> 00:25:37,579
from agricultural
producers and

483
00:25:37,579 --> 00:25:40,115
set it to two wholesalers.

484
00:25:40,115 --> 00:25:46,849
So there has been
also a claim made

485
00:25:46,849 --> 00:25:50,629
by local authorities and

486
00:25:50,629 --> 00:25:53,909
inquiry intermediation
is about things.

487
00:25:54,730 --> 00:25:57,890
So to give out, to stop.

488
00:25:57,890 --> 00:26:01,280
Very brief context of
agricultural markets.

489
00:26:01,280 --> 00:26:03,079
They are categorized, at

490
00:26:03,079 --> 00:26:05,164
least in developing
economies,

491
00:26:05,164 --> 00:26:07,459
by a specific
cultural features.

492
00:26:07,459 --> 00:26:09,590
For example, there is
a close relationship

493
00:26:09,590 --> 00:26:12,980
between shop owners
and consumers,

494
00:26:12,980 --> 00:26:15,605
between partners
and intermediaries.

495
00:26:15,605 --> 00:26:17,480
There is a lack of
infrastructure.

496
00:26:17,480 --> 00:26:19,249
That's why the,
the whole market

497
00:26:19,249 --> 00:26:21,650
depends on
communication and

498
00:26:21,650 --> 00:26:26,449
very silly reliance on,
on disintermediation.

499
00:26:26,449 --> 00:26:30,329
In order to trade mark.

500
00:26:30,700 --> 00:26:39,899
Referring to the market
in Center Columbia.

501
00:26:41,740 --> 00:26:44,089
There are

502
00:26:44,089 --> 00:26:49,399
approximately 26
thousand producers,

503
00:26:49,399 --> 00:26:52,475
almost 2000
intermediaries,

504
00:26:52,475 --> 00:26:55,100
number of wholesalers,
small shops,

505
00:26:55,100 --> 00:26:58,519
and our population of

506
00:26:58,519 --> 00:27:02,149
10 of the product
and about a million,

507
00:27:02,149 --> 00:27:04,325
but maybe this might

508
00:27:04,325 --> 00:27:07,589
be even more
convenient today.

509
00:27:08,350 --> 00:27:13,729
This is the map of
central Colombia.

510
00:27:13,729 --> 00:27:14,425
Colombia.

511
00:27:14,425 --> 00:27:15,259
Here.

512
00:27:15,259 --> 00:27:20,870
This is then Colombian
mark, this red arrow.

513
00:27:20,870 --> 00:27:22,189
Now you can see.

514
00:27:22,189 --> 00:27:24,119
The bottleneck.

515
00:27:28,840 --> 00:27:31,819
This with this region,

516
00:27:31,819 --> 00:27:33,769
Marco Sanger, Colombia.

517
00:27:33,769 --> 00:27:36,420
She's shown here.

518
00:27:38,560 --> 00:27:46,999
Those shaded color ranges

519
00:27:46,999 --> 00:27:48,665
in the map correspond

520
00:27:48,665 --> 00:27:51,784
to potato incubated areas.

521
00:27:51,784 --> 00:27:55,430
So we check this with
the pre-paid market.

522
00:27:55,430 --> 00:27:57,860
And we try to

523
00:27:57,860 --> 00:27:59,839
understand what
was their work

524
00:27:59,839 --> 00:28:01,610
or the impact of
intermediation.

525
00:28:01,610 --> 00:28:03,080
So we build also an NPP

526
00:28:03,080 --> 00:28:06,259
showed market economy,

527
00:28:06,259 --> 00:28:08,780
which in which we
have these producers.

528
00:28:08,780 --> 00:28:10,684
They decide the
channels of

529
00:28:10,684 --> 00:28:15,214
markets. Where to trade.

530
00:28:15,214 --> 00:28:17,269
Intermedia is collect or

531
00:28:17,269 --> 00:28:19,490
buy this product
from producers and

532
00:28:19,490 --> 00:28:24,274
sell it to wholesalers.

533
00:28:24,274 --> 00:28:26,885
Producers also have this,

534
00:28:26,885 --> 00:28:30,394
possibly PO, selling
their stuff.

535
00:28:30,394 --> 00:28:33,425
A true farmers markets,

536
00:28:33,425 --> 00:28:37,954
which can be
accessed by clients,

537
00:28:37,954 --> 00:28:40,205
maybe small
shops, consumers,

538
00:28:40,205 --> 00:28:42,570
consumers in general.

539
00:28:43,540 --> 00:28:46,580
So given the possibility

540
00:28:46,580 --> 00:28:49,684
of having
partners markets,

541
00:28:49,684 --> 00:28:51,829
the hand by passing
humiliation,

542
00:28:51,829 --> 00:28:54,829
why producers
don't use it,

543
00:28:54,829 --> 00:28:58,320
and they still rely
on humiliation.

544
00:28:59,950 --> 00:29:05,615
As a side note, local
authority piece here,

545
00:29:05,615 --> 00:29:10,954
stimulate the formation
of partners markets,

546
00:29:10,954 --> 00:29:13,385
but with

547
00:29:13,385 --> 00:29:17,040
very little success
because recommendation,

548
00:29:17,530 --> 00:29:20,179
this is still
very dominant,

549
00:29:20,179 --> 00:29:28,204
very important not to
be a whole potato mark.

550
00:29:28,204 --> 00:29:31,504
So we built a
model in which

551
00:29:31,504 --> 00:29:35,599
we endowed agents, we
learning capabilities.

552
00:29:35,599 --> 00:29:36,920
We have, for example,

553
00:29:36,920 --> 00:29:41,765
this is Aggies,
however, the producers.

554
00:29:41,765 --> 00:29:45,650
So each producer had

555
00:29:45,650 --> 00:29:51,349
a Laycock at Chios
Kore that registers,

556
00:29:51,349 --> 00:29:57,849
correlates success
operations

557
00:29:57,849 --> 00:30:00,129
when trading to us,

558
00:30:00,129 --> 00:30:02,125
given market or
even chairman,

559
00:30:02,125 --> 00:30:03,910
because channels are more

560
00:30:03,910 --> 00:30:09,654
convenient what
you're after.

561
00:30:09,654 --> 00:30:12,850
Obtaining some UDP, TCP,

562
00:30:12,850 --> 00:30:16,839
UDP feeds this score.

563
00:30:16,839 --> 00:30:21,595
So this score comparison
helps to define

564
00:30:21,595 --> 00:30:24,819
the priority of trading

565
00:30:24,819 --> 00:30:27,295
their product for
a given channel

566
00:30:27,295 --> 00:30:29,439
in the next time-step.

567
00:30:29,439 --> 00:30:32,620
So we use this is

568
00:30:32,620 --> 00:30:36,739
a hard or a folded
and reinforcement.

569
00:30:36,850 --> 00:30:42,844
A way of how
thinking, course.

570
00:30:42,844 --> 00:30:46,549
And markets that are able

571
00:30:46,549 --> 00:30:51,439
to provide very
high utility,

572
00:30:51,439 --> 00:30:53,839
of course, will
have a higher score

573
00:30:53,839 --> 00:30:55,235
on this score.

574
00:30:55,235 --> 00:30:58,489
Little reflect
higher-quality or

575
00:30:58,489 --> 00:31:01,475
being picked up
in the next,

576
00:31:01,475 --> 00:31:05,370
the next, the
next time-step.

577
00:31:06,130 --> 00:31:09,829
The contribution of
your PDP is controlled

578
00:31:09,829 --> 00:31:11,510
by something that we

579
00:31:11,510 --> 00:31:13,829
called the learning rate.

580
00:31:14,560 --> 00:31:16,880
Or we built a model.

581
00:31:16,880 --> 00:31:19,100
This is the underflow.

582
00:31:19,100 --> 00:31:21,395
The beginning,
each producer

583
00:31:21,395 --> 00:31:22,430
selects a channel,

584
00:31:22,430 --> 00:31:24,679
a market with
this probability.

585
00:31:24,679 --> 00:31:28,834
Then each intermediary
or each direct market,

586
00:31:28,834 --> 00:31:35,629
the pyrimidines, total
quantities and prices.

587
00:31:35,629 --> 00:31:37,729
Then, when prices we

588
00:31:37,729 --> 00:31:43,414
can compute
produces profits.

589
00:31:43,414 --> 00:31:49,009
Wholesalers then calculate
the total quantity

590
00:31:49,009 --> 00:31:52,565
that Arabs are today from,

591
00:31:52,565 --> 00:31:54,514
from intermediaries.

592
00:31:54,514 --> 00:31:56,045
And of course they pay,

593
00:31:56,045 --> 00:31:57,994
they pay a price for that.

594
00:31:57,994 --> 00:32:01,654
So profits of intermediaries
can be computed.

595
00:32:01,654 --> 00:32:05,270
And then wholesalers,
partners,

596
00:32:05,270 --> 00:32:07,040
markets could be
the prophets as

597
00:32:07,040 --> 00:32:09,770
one of the whole
operation.

598
00:32:09,770 --> 00:32:12,290
Then producers out
there checking

599
00:32:12,290 --> 00:32:15,770
the degree of success
to a given channel,

600
00:32:15,770 --> 00:32:17,464
updated, choose a course.

601
00:32:17,464 --> 00:32:20,254
And then this blue
box and repeats.

602
00:32:20,254 --> 00:32:23,074
At the time the producers,

603
00:32:23,074 --> 00:32:25,879
again select,
aren't channel

604
00:32:25,879 --> 00:32:28,559
for trade. The problem.

605
00:32:29,260 --> 00:32:33,109
Interestingly,
what we found

606
00:32:33,109 --> 00:32:35,885
is that increasing
the number 0,

607
00:32:35,885 --> 00:32:39,080
it can linearise
publication in the model.

608
00:32:39,080 --> 00:32:42,089
This is how
geographical location.

609
00:32:43,240 --> 00:32:45,649
Great increased. So these,

610
00:32:45,649 --> 00:32:47,570
these lines here represent

611
00:32:47,570 --> 00:32:50,855
a quantity traded,

612
00:32:50,855 --> 00:32:53,629
traded through
inter-mediation.

613
00:32:53,629 --> 00:32:58,700
These lines here for
all the direct markets.

614
00:32:58,700 --> 00:33:00,800
So surprising,
surprisingly,

615
00:33:00,800 --> 00:33:03,694
that the producers prefer

616
00:33:03,694 --> 00:33:05,539
intermediation
given that they

617
00:33:05,539 --> 00:33:06,920
have this option of

618
00:33:06,920 --> 00:33:09,245
semi-pro directly

619
00:33:09,245 --> 00:33:12,319
through these
farmers markets.

620
00:33:12,319 --> 00:33:15,994
I mean, this was,
the difference was,

621
00:33:15,994 --> 00:33:18,680
was even more salient
when we increase

622
00:33:18,680 --> 00:33:22,499
the number of
middle actors.

623
00:33:22,750 --> 00:33:25,040
Checking prices to say

624
00:33:25,040 --> 00:33:28,230
that the results
are consistent.

625
00:33:34,540 --> 00:33:40,220
And having prices from

626
00:33:40,220 --> 00:33:43,350
either the price is 20.

627
00:33:43,420 --> 00:33:46,820
And prizes, same
purpose markets.

628
00:33:46,820 --> 00:33:50,299
A increase waiting
for mediation.

629
00:33:50,299 --> 00:33:53,030
While the crisis had

630
00:33:53,030 --> 00:33:58,234
the for the end consumer

631
00:33:58,234 --> 00:34:02,445
or the wholesaler
point looping lineage.

632
00:34:02,445 --> 00:34:05,235
So this is prior
in contrast,

633
00:34:05,235 --> 00:34:08,099
they bring differing
as the outcome that,

634
00:34:08,099 --> 00:34:14,800
that local opportunities
we're expecting.

635
00:34:15,740 --> 00:34:18,419
We provide it.

636
00:34:18,419 --> 00:34:22,154
We're not sure if
this was used or not.

637
00:34:22,154 --> 00:34:24,870
But we product provide

638
00:34:24,870 --> 00:34:29,264
the recommendations
in which we,

639
00:34:29,264 --> 00:34:30,900
we saw this in the model

640
00:34:30,900 --> 00:34:33,120
that intermediation,
of course,

641
00:34:33,120 --> 00:34:35,274
can help to dilute

642
00:34:35,274 --> 00:34:39,629
transportation costs in
a more efficient way.

643
00:34:39,700 --> 00:34:43,489
So integration is an
important actor in

644
00:34:43,489 --> 00:34:44,660
the market when there

645
00:34:44,660 --> 00:34:46,340
is lack of infrastructure,

646
00:34:46,340 --> 00:34:48,389
which is the pace for

647
00:34:49,570 --> 00:34:52,280
promoting the
creation of partners,

648
00:34:52,280 --> 00:34:53,705
markets will always work.

649
00:34:53,705 --> 00:34:55,159
One of the actions
that the local,

650
00:34:55,159 --> 00:35:01,579
a local piece did

651
00:35:01,579 --> 00:35:07,595
not contributed to
eliminate intermediation.

652
00:35:07,595 --> 00:35:17,420
So adding more competition
been in effect.

653
00:35:17,420 --> 00:35:20,540
They are PDS will
play intermediary,

654
00:35:20,540 --> 00:35:22,970
intermediaries
in the model.

655
00:35:22,970 --> 00:35:25,340
So they were still
very important

656
00:35:25,340 --> 00:35:30,710
that as a conclusion

657
00:35:30,710 --> 00:35:36,000
of peace is to please
recommendations.

658
00:35:36,760 --> 00:35:41,734
We argue that promoting
trade associations,

659
00:35:41,734 --> 00:35:45,859
My might give them
providing enough,

660
00:35:45,859 --> 00:35:48,689
with enough
negotiation power

661
00:35:49,420 --> 00:35:52,834
before the eyes of
intermediaries.

662
00:35:52,834 --> 00:35:55,655
So they might have
up right there,

663
00:35:55,655 --> 00:35:57,440
possibly in depth in

664
00:35:57,440 --> 00:35:59,644
terms of price
level switching.

665
00:35:59,644 --> 00:36:02,429
This is a second example.

666
00:36:02,740 --> 00:36:06,755
And the third one is
more theoretical.

667
00:36:06,755 --> 00:36:10,400
Deals with intuition
of grep flexing

668
00:36:10,400 --> 00:36:15,720
agents in the diffusion
of innovations.

669
00:36:18,430 --> 00:36:22,040
To provide some context.

670
00:36:22,040 --> 00:36:24,529
You know, that
there is probably,

671
00:36:24,529 --> 00:36:25,729
you know, this concept,

672
00:36:25,729 --> 00:36:30,569
the concept of second
order emergence.

673
00:36:31,540 --> 00:36:36,034
Humans can recognise,
can recognize patterns

674
00:36:36,034 --> 00:36:38,855
and they can change or

675
00:36:38,855 --> 00:36:40,429
modify their behavior

676
00:36:40,429 --> 00:36:42,930
according to this
recognition.

677
00:36:44,970 --> 00:36:48,264
That way reflexivity is

678
00:36:48,264 --> 00:36:51,519
sort of from a second
order behavior.

679
00:36:51,519 --> 00:36:54,490
As noted by all
spinning tops

680
00:36:54,490 --> 00:36:56,770
in an age in metro.

681
00:36:56,770 --> 00:37:01,569
Attribution, a
behavioral plasticity

682
00:37:01,569 --> 00:37:04,240
to post system in our
given environment.

683
00:37:04,240 --> 00:37:06,715
So this plus TCP

684
00:37:06,715 --> 00:37:10,689
enables this agent
quarter pi B,

685
00:37:10,689 --> 00:37:14,080
his or her own
rules of behavior.

686
00:37:14,080 --> 00:37:15,729
So this is an
important aspect

687
00:37:15,729 --> 00:37:17,560
of our country.

688
00:37:17,560 --> 00:37:19,749
There are some ideas that

689
00:37:19,749 --> 00:37:23,545
use the same word
in all of these.

690
00:37:23,545 --> 00:37:26,640
They were probably
doing all this work.

691
00:37:26,640 --> 00:37:29,449
Hi, it's posted about

692
00:37:29,449 --> 00:37:31,819
second-order Cybernetics

693
00:37:31,819 --> 00:37:35,074
and similar IPS
have appeared.

694
00:37:35,074 --> 00:37:37,534
And that is how present,

695
00:37:37,534 --> 00:37:42,780
especially not so
recent earnings 201314,

696
00:37:43,240 --> 00:37:46,385
about CVP in economics.

697
00:37:46,385 --> 00:37:52,865
Where actors are both
observers of the system

698
00:37:52,865 --> 00:37:59,194
and those who act

699
00:37:59,194 --> 00:38:01,610
in the same system
they serve.

700
00:38:01,610 --> 00:38:05,389
So the circularity has
been nation before.

701
00:38:05,389 --> 00:38:07,910
Stereo. Systems.

702
00:38:07,910 --> 00:38:12,029
Idea. So secondary
cybernetics

703
00:38:13,330 --> 00:38:16,609
from the seventies,
the eighties,

704
00:38:16,609 --> 00:38:20,420
but wound up taking force

705
00:38:20,420 --> 00:38:26,869
again as a way to
represent an economy.

706
00:38:26,869 --> 00:38:29,810
Teachers more
economic dynamics.

707
00:38:29,810 --> 00:38:32,014
I work on diffusion

708
00:38:32,014 --> 00:38:33,755
disappears in
organizations

709
00:38:33,755 --> 00:38:38,659
silencing 2000 rupee
this day in which

710
00:38:38,659 --> 00:38:40,999
base and the base

711
00:38:40,999 --> 00:38:44,124
category awareness
capillary distinction be

712
00:38:44,124 --> 00:38:47,320
in the innovation dynamics

713
00:38:47,320 --> 00:38:50,674
which agents may
adopt or not.

714
00:38:50,674 --> 00:38:53,105
But they have
to become our

715
00:38:53,105 --> 00:38:55,460
first of the distinction

716
00:38:55,460 --> 00:38:57,019
between these
two categories.

717
00:38:57,019 --> 00:39:00,139
There are non adopters
from their adopters.

718
00:39:00,139 --> 00:39:01,640
When, once they are

719
00:39:01,640 --> 00:39:03,214
aware of this distinction,

720
00:39:03,214 --> 00:39:04,954
they can decide where

721
00:39:04,954 --> 00:39:07,415
they adopt or not upward.

722
00:39:07,415 --> 00:39:09,109
So this, this was

723
00:39:09,109 --> 00:39:13,519
an interesting
word by 2014.

724
00:39:13,519 --> 00:39:16,295
Unfortunately, he
did an ad like

725
00:39:16,295 --> 00:39:20,119
interaction among
these entities.

726
00:39:20,119 --> 00:39:22,084
But he's model and
this is what we

727
00:39:22,084 --> 00:39:24,244
tried to do with,

728
00:39:24,244 --> 00:39:30,169
with a PhD student
respect approach

729
00:39:30,169 --> 00:39:39,174
her conceptualization
of reflexivity

730
00:39:39,174 --> 00:39:41,455
in a diffusion of
innovations model.

731
00:39:41,455 --> 00:39:45,790
So we capture the
same secular idea

732
00:39:45,790 --> 00:39:47,320
that this example,

733
00:39:47,320 --> 00:39:48,700
there is a social
phenomenon.

734
00:39:48,700 --> 00:39:50,299
Phenomenon.

735
00:39:50,520 --> 00:39:56,050
Individuals capture
this phenomenon

736
00:39:56,050 --> 00:39:59,094
through perceptions,
patients ideas,

737
00:39:59,094 --> 00:40:03,880
and they add up on the
same system they're

738
00:40:03,880 --> 00:40:06,009
trying to two there

739
00:40:06,009 --> 00:40:07,705
and two tone understand

740
00:40:07,705 --> 00:40:09,889
to proceed to say this.

741
00:40:10,200 --> 00:40:12,220
The important thing we

742
00:40:12,220 --> 00:40:13,780
thought about
this or plexi,

743
00:40:13,780 --> 00:40:15,654
behavior is that
agents have

744
00:40:15,654 --> 00:40:17,294
an internal mechanism,

745
00:40:17,294 --> 00:40:19,145
update their perceptions.

746
00:40:19,145 --> 00:40:20,599
And I think this is the

747
00:40:20,599 --> 00:40:25,640
EBP second-order
cybernetics cousins.

748
00:40:25,640 --> 00:40:29,944
So I they were
executed to petition.

749
00:40:29,944 --> 00:40:34,250
Process is also
saw stimulated

750
00:40:34,250 --> 00:40:39,919
by this comparison
between the two lies.

751
00:40:39,919 --> 00:40:44,359
The models was on

752
00:40:44,359 --> 00:40:49,084
innovation and some
data that trying, some,

753
00:40:49,084 --> 00:40:51,725
some medical works
that tried to

754
00:40:51,725 --> 00:40:56,029
explain these ups and
downs in adoption,

755
00:40:56,029 --> 00:40:58,189
which in the
marketing literature

756
00:40:58,189 --> 00:41:00,239
they called and said.

757
00:41:03,040 --> 00:41:07,920
Some brief notes
about the, the model.

758
00:41:08,110 --> 00:41:12,050
We represent this equation

759
00:41:12,050 --> 00:41:14,269
you incorporate
the reflex UP,

760
00:41:14,269 --> 00:41:16,969
created a creative
and anions

761
00:41:16,969 --> 00:41:19,170
in our social network.

762
00:41:20,140 --> 00:41:26,519
Decisions was
represented by a binary.

763
00:41:30,370 --> 00:41:33,470
Binary decisions.

764
00:41:33,470 --> 00:41:37,220
And ATP might be
and adopted or not.

765
00:41:37,220 --> 00:41:39,560
And that depends
on a comparison

766
00:41:39,560 --> 00:41:44,734
with threshold
value for huge.

767
00:41:44,734 --> 00:41:48,275
So they have local utility

768
00:41:48,275 --> 00:41:50,929
that all agents
in the model.

769
00:41:50,929 --> 00:41:57,889
And this utility is a
weighted average of

770
00:41:57,889 --> 00:42:01,595
personal decisions
that relate to

771
00:42:01,595 --> 00:42:06,545
quality and social,
and social influence.

772
00:42:06,545 --> 00:42:09,200
Captured by this one

773
00:42:09,200 --> 00:42:11,970
pairing to what
we call here.

774
00:42:15,130 --> 00:42:18,920
We're also concerned about

775
00:42:18,920 --> 00:42:20,539
from this local utility,

776
00:42:20,539 --> 00:42:24,500
a global influence
in which US

777
00:42:24,500 --> 00:42:30,124
the model runs and
things on our time.

778
00:42:30,124 --> 00:42:31,789
Agents are able to

779
00:42:31,789 --> 00:42:34,099
distinguish between
two categories.

780
00:42:34,099 --> 00:42:36,799
Adopters,
adapters, and that

781
00:42:36,799 --> 00:42:41,599
changes the UDP function.

782
00:42:41,599 --> 00:42:44,959
So we compare it to like

783
00:42:44,959 --> 00:42:49,250
a very brief explanation,

784
00:42:49,250 --> 00:42:52,459
like a weighted average
size of components,

785
00:42:52,459 --> 00:42:59,369
hope adopters, which
is C bar. Here.

786
00:42:59,500 --> 00:43:06,510
We included global
GDP is lower utility.

787
00:43:06,510 --> 00:43:08,949
We'll proceed to

788
00:43:08,949 --> 00:43:15,350
our logistic trade
logistic equation.

789
00:43:17,070 --> 00:43:19,930
According to our index.

790
00:43:19,930 --> 00:43:24,489
This means that
the categories

791
00:43:24,489 --> 00:43:28,600
where feasible to be

792
00:43:28,600 --> 00:43:30,250
distinguished by
actually seeing

793
00:43:30,250 --> 00:43:33,925
the model when they
surpass a certain index.

794
00:43:33,925 --> 00:43:39,774
And this value was
incorporated to the punch.

795
00:43:39,774 --> 00:43:42,955
So when they don't
perceive this distinction.

796
00:43:42,955 --> 00:43:44,770
So they are utility,

797
00:43:44,770 --> 00:43:46,299
basically the local one.

798
00:43:46,299 --> 00:43:49,064
But then this
global effect end.

799
00:43:49,064 --> 00:43:51,440
The big question,
when is detected,

800
00:43:51,440 --> 00:43:55,415
once it passes both
the two things.

801
00:43:55,415 --> 00:44:01,684
First, how to replicate
GDP indicator.

802
00:44:01,684 --> 00:44:05,309
And after some time.

803
00:44:06,130 --> 00:44:08,210
This is a way to

804
00:44:08,210 --> 00:44:10,265
represent that there
might be any kind of

805
00:44:10,265 --> 00:44:13,114
mechanism updating
and how perceptions

806
00:44:13,114 --> 00:44:16,789
are perceived according
to the environment,

807
00:44:16,789 --> 00:44:18,830
how they in the
environment.

808
00:44:18,830 --> 00:44:20,960
So what we found is that,

809
00:44:20,960 --> 00:44:22,835
for example, will
have no rubric.

810
00:44:22,835 --> 00:44:25,714
Cbt will help
these curves that

811
00:44:25,714 --> 00:44:31,325
resemble classical
behavior and adoption.

812
00:44:31,325 --> 00:44:33,709
What are exceeding B?

813
00:44:33,709 --> 00:44:36,949
We have these
Sarah points in

814
00:44:36,949 --> 00:44:41,615
which adoption might
go down for awhile.

815
00:44:41,615 --> 00:44:44,494
And then again,

816
00:44:44,494 --> 00:44:48,770
reflecting what we
claim we found,

817
00:44:48,770 --> 00:44:52,520
we are seeing
real, real data.

818
00:44:52,520 --> 00:44:54,680
So we'll explore
these would be friend

819
00:44:54,680 --> 00:44:57,690
and social influence
coefficients.

820
00:44:59,470 --> 00:45:03,349
Underpinning
this, this Q is

821
00:45:03,349 --> 00:45:08,809
a known parameter that

822
00:45:08,809 --> 00:45:14,569
is linked to pay
individual preferences.

823
00:45:14,569 --> 00:45:19,820
Or 18. This is

824
00:45:19,820 --> 00:45:23,570
without taking into
consideration time delays

825
00:45:23,570 --> 00:45:25,489
on a scale free network,

826
00:45:25,489 --> 00:45:26,900
but we also tested

827
00:45:26,900 --> 00:45:30,180
so more people,
topologies.

828
00:45:33,760 --> 00:45:37,744
With time delays
we source or

829
00:45:37,744 --> 00:45:40,520
similar behaviors of
the day appearance

830
00:45:40,520 --> 00:45:42,739
of this saddle points.

831
00:45:42,739 --> 00:45:47,790
In the kitchen
ophthalmologists.

832
00:45:48,400 --> 00:45:52,595
When this aggregating
this data.

833
00:45:52,595 --> 00:45:54,889
We observe that that

834
00:45:54,889 --> 00:45:56,270
there are different waves

835
00:45:56,270 --> 00:45:59,104
that come to aggregate

836
00:45:59,104 --> 00:46:01,834
and to form, to
reflect this.

837
00:46:01,834 --> 00:46:04,100
These ups and
downs, for example,

838
00:46:04,100 --> 00:46:06,110
when we consider
only local,

839
00:46:06,110 --> 00:46:08,389
local PvP or the,

840
00:46:08,389 --> 00:46:10,085
or the modified one,

841
00:46:10,085 --> 00:46:12,454
the marketing effect
on the IV rate.

842
00:46:12,454 --> 00:46:15,154
So this is like
thinking about

843
00:46:15,154 --> 00:46:17,299
complex contagion in which

844
00:46:17,299 --> 00:46:19,909
different forces are
acting at the same time,

845
00:46:19,909 --> 00:46:21,424
being in the aggregate.

846
00:46:21,424 --> 00:46:24,800
You might see some of
these ups and downs.

847
00:46:24,800 --> 00:46:27,230
So this is the result

848
00:46:27,230 --> 00:46:29,225
we found and this is what

849
00:46:29,225 --> 00:46:34,225
we came to represent that,

850
00:46:34,225 --> 00:46:36,230
that represents one

851
00:46:36,230 --> 00:46:38,254
instance opera
plexi behavior

852
00:46:38,254 --> 00:46:40,709
in social systems.

853
00:46:40,750 --> 00:46:46,110
So to close their
presentation.

854
00:46:46,480 --> 00:46:49,489
Missing duration
between economics and

855
00:46:49,489 --> 00:46:52,909
engineering, my
happy paths.

856
00:46:52,909 --> 00:46:56,240
One is the machine
type design element,

857
00:46:56,240 --> 00:47:01,789
matching economic who's
highly organized.

858
00:47:01,789 --> 00:47:03,560
Markets are of course,

859
00:47:03,560 --> 00:47:06,305
greatly benefit from this.

860
00:47:06,305 --> 00:47:07,520
Studying

861
00:47:07,520 --> 00:47:09,485
marketing inefficiencies

862
00:47:09,485 --> 00:47:10,595
with this perspective.

863
00:47:10,595 --> 00:47:12,829
But for example,
if we deal

864
00:47:12,829 --> 00:47:16,069
with problems that the

865
00:47:16,069 --> 00:47:19,220
poach the human side

866
00:47:19,220 --> 00:47:25,235
and in which different
points of view,

867
00:47:25,235 --> 00:47:29,600
meaning actually a lot

868
00:47:29,600 --> 00:47:32,600
of these are
characteristics,

869
00:47:32,600 --> 00:47:33,799
a same kind of things.

870
00:47:33,799 --> 00:47:37,385
The problems that

871
00:47:37,385 --> 00:47:40,490
those horrible example
in unsustainability,

872
00:47:40,490 --> 00:47:44,554
inequality,
migrations or require

873
00:47:44,554 --> 00:47:49,829
a different
definition of sine.

874
00:47:49,920 --> 00:47:52,285
So in that sense, I pick

875
00:47:52,285 --> 00:47:54,865
the two disciplines can
be incubated as well.

876
00:47:54,865 --> 00:47:57,429
But iteration at least

877
00:47:57,429 --> 00:48:00,099
need some more
trans-disciplinary approach

878
00:48:00,099 --> 00:48:02,514
that necessary
days pluralism

879
00:48:02,514 --> 00:48:06,249
in economics makes
methods as well.

880
00:48:06,249 --> 00:48:10,959
And an openness
of engineers to

881
00:48:10,959 --> 00:48:13,854
their libido or

882
00:48:13,854 --> 00:48:18,249
their pension for
these developments.

883
00:48:18,249 --> 00:48:21,190
Mainly a K-mean
complexity economics.

884
00:48:21,190 --> 00:48:23,350
And to pay attention to

885
00:48:23,350 --> 00:48:25,960
the SAM Haldane
Foundation,

886
00:48:25,960 --> 00:48:30,019
some PR is that
economics. Economists.

887
00:48:31,030 --> 00:48:33,004
Hello.

888
00:48:33,004 --> 00:48:36,815
I am giving an
exploration of,

889
00:48:36,815 --> 00:48:38,930
of peace, integration vt,

890
00:48:38,930 --> 00:48:41,540
examples of my own work.

891
00:48:41,540 --> 00:48:43,760
Cobalt disability,
Sure, Wait,

892
00:48:43,760 --> 00:48:46,114
wait, wait. Stakeholders.

893
00:48:46,114 --> 00:48:47,435
Example.

894
00:48:47,435 --> 00:48:48,920
A model based
investigation

895
00:48:48,920 --> 00:48:49,939
of market dynamics.

896
00:48:49,939 --> 00:48:51,170
Are there
cultural markets?

897
00:48:51,170 --> 00:48:54,395
The second one, on
our way to integrate

898
00:48:54,395 --> 00:48:57,949
different alternative
representations

899
00:48:57,949 --> 00:48:59,315
of human behavior.

900
00:48:59,315 --> 00:49:01,954
That is per-click
CVP. Third one.

901
00:49:01,954 --> 00:49:04,325
So for the presentation,

902
00:49:04,325 --> 00:49:05,840
the blend is
all these ideas

903
00:49:05,840 --> 00:49:08,399
were collected in a book.

904
00:49:08,680 --> 00:49:14,114
A colleague and I
edited into teaching.

905
00:49:14,114 --> 00:49:15,714
She's corn.

906
00:49:15,714 --> 00:49:18,859
So systems engineering.

907
00:49:18,870 --> 00:49:21,790
Thank you very much
for your patience

908
00:49:21,790 --> 00:49:25,449
and happy to hear

909
00:49:25,449 --> 00:49:29,349
any questions on
these anchor image.

910
00:49:29,349 --> 00:49:30,879
Well, thank you very much

911
00:49:30,879 --> 00:49:31,960
for the presentation.

912
00:49:31,960 --> 00:49:34,850
Quite interesting,
thought-provoking.

913
00:49:35,490 --> 00:49:37,990
We're open now
for questions.

914
00:49:37,990 --> 00:49:39,760
And I grew a fairly
small groups.

915
00:49:39,760 --> 00:49:41,919
I think we could just
grab a microphone

916
00:49:41,919 --> 00:49:43,599
and find out opening space

917
00:49:43,599 --> 00:49:45,979
and ask the question
if you'd like.

918
00:49:58,720 --> 00:50:00,739
Why did I hold back?

919
00:50:00,739 --> 00:50:01,790
Because we don't
want to start

920
00:50:01,790 --> 00:50:03,064
dominating the canvas,

921
00:50:03,064 --> 00:50:04,654
the question and answers

922
00:50:04,654 --> 00:50:05,510
that we're hoping

923
00:50:05,510 --> 00:50:06,529
others might
have questions,

924
00:50:06,529 --> 00:50:07,550
but we can always fill the

925
00:50:07,550 --> 00:50:09,749
empty space if needed.

926
00:50:12,580 --> 00:50:14,149
Go ahead, Marty.

927
00:50:14,149 --> 00:50:15,215
I know you have
a question.

928
00:50:15,215 --> 00:50:21,935
Well, I guess my
question is I see,

929
00:50:21,935 --> 00:50:24,334
I see BE economics

930
00:50:24,334 --> 00:50:26,435
in certainly
in the example

931
00:50:26,435 --> 00:50:29,375
that you gave
ICBA economics

932
00:50:29,375 --> 00:50:31,444
and more broadly,

933
00:50:31,444 --> 00:50:33,230
social site.

934
00:50:33,230 --> 00:50:35,074
So orientation.

935
00:50:35,074 --> 00:50:37,100
But I don't actually see

936
00:50:37,100 --> 00:50:40,474
anything I would recognize

937
00:50:40,474 --> 00:50:42,709
as an engineering
orientation.

938
00:50:42,709 --> 00:50:44,900
So in one sentence,

939
00:50:44,900 --> 00:50:47,585
at least any examples
that you gave,

940
00:50:47,585 --> 00:50:49,699
in what, in what
sense do they

941
00:50:49,699 --> 00:50:54,500
bridge the social sciences
with engineering?

942
00:50:54,500 --> 00:50:57,869
Yeah, that's how
a good question.

943
00:51:01,060 --> 00:51:03,755
When, when, when
he mentioned,

944
00:51:03,755 --> 00:51:07,505
for example, engineering
or engineers,

945
00:51:07,505 --> 00:51:12,325
I sometimes I
prefer to refer

946
00:51:12,325 --> 00:51:16,925
to the work of

947
00:51:16,925 --> 00:51:19,830
systems tiny
industrial engineers.

948
00:51:20,640 --> 00:51:23,694
For sure if we
mentioned Mumbai,

949
00:51:23,694 --> 00:51:28,600
biomedical or
electric engineers,

950
00:51:28,600 --> 00:51:30,384
this is a bit
out of scope.

951
00:51:30,384 --> 00:51:33,640
Yeah, but, but many
engineering disciplines

952
00:51:33,640 --> 00:51:37,539
are closer to the
management of people.

953
00:51:37,539 --> 00:51:39,730
And Sol Systems
Engineering is one of

954
00:51:39,730 --> 00:51:43,299
them will be checked,

955
00:51:43,299 --> 00:51:46,180
for example, a website.

956
00:51:46,180 --> 00:51:48,744
In Kobe association.

957
00:51:48,744 --> 00:51:52,794
As they say,
Well, we, our,

958
00:51:52,794 --> 00:51:56,210
our discipline focuses on

959
00:51:57,960 --> 00:52:01,270
ideas to solve problems,

960
00:52:01,270 --> 00:52:03,810
engineering problems
in a wide sense.

961
00:52:03,810 --> 00:52:09,409
White Sands might
be teamwork.

962
00:52:09,409 --> 00:52:13,190
Working with
stakeholders about

963
00:52:13,190 --> 00:52:15,920
problems related to
technology, for example,

964
00:52:15,920 --> 00:52:19,205
but not necessarily saying

965
00:52:19,205 --> 00:52:22,415
something like
industrial engineers.

966
00:52:22,415 --> 00:52:26,179
So I am an industrial
engineer myself.

967
00:52:26,179 --> 00:52:27,619
And many, many

968
00:52:27,619 --> 00:52:31,640
industrial engineers
work in that way.

969
00:52:31,640 --> 00:52:33,109
Which human systems, when

970
00:52:33,109 --> 00:52:35,809
we're in which
octave up the sign

971
00:52:35,809 --> 00:52:36,859
is very different from

972
00:52:36,859 --> 00:52:40,880
these traditional idea.

973
00:52:40,880 --> 00:52:43,399
So Paul, design in

974
00:52:43,399 --> 00:52:46,085
our handicraft
item for example.

975
00:52:46,085 --> 00:52:49,009
But the sign
has to do with

976
00:52:49,009 --> 00:52:55,354
the human teams or

977
00:52:55,354 --> 00:52:59,000
teams form by
individuals in

978
00:52:59,000 --> 00:53:00,799
which all of these
characteristics that I

979
00:53:00,799 --> 00:53:02,974
have mentioned up here.

980
00:53:02,974 --> 00:53:05,810
But for current
home approach.

981
00:53:05,810 --> 00:53:09,499
So in that sense,
hybrid cloud engineer.

982
00:53:09,499 --> 00:53:13,160
So that's why I mention
that in this figure.

983
00:53:13,160 --> 00:53:19,535
That systems
engineering, I close my,

984
00:53:19,535 --> 00:53:23,360
my, my forge a close link

985
00:53:23,360 --> 00:53:25,355
with economics
in that respect.

986
00:53:25,355 --> 00:53:27,289
I'm inserting problems.

987
00:53:27,289 --> 00:53:29,735
But obviously, for
example, I mentioned,

988
00:53:29,735 --> 00:53:34,385
we talk about are mentioned
in the beginning.

989
00:53:34,385 --> 00:53:36,260
Algorithmic game theory,

990
00:53:36,260 --> 00:53:38,629
market, market design,

991
00:53:38,629 --> 00:53:43,804
and computer mediated
transactions and so on.

992
00:53:43,804 --> 00:53:45,680
This is a big farm.

993
00:53:45,680 --> 00:53:48,019
Those are also
related or linked to

994
00:53:48,019 --> 00:53:51,830
engineering problems.
Mechanical way.

995
00:53:51,830 --> 00:53:54,794
Hey, can I jump in here?

996
00:53:54,794 --> 00:53:57,440
I think there's
a dumb question.

997
00:53:57,440 --> 00:53:58,985
Excuse me.

998
00:53:58,985 --> 00:54:00,770
I love you laid out

999
00:54:00,770 --> 00:54:03,889
three different
attitudes towards

1000
00:54:03,889 --> 00:54:05,870
the relationship
of engineering

1001
00:54:05,870 --> 00:54:07,699
and economics
very early on.

1002
00:54:07,699 --> 00:54:09,049
And I'm in the
third element,

1003
00:54:09,049 --> 00:54:10,364
the third
category, which is

1004
00:54:10,364 --> 00:54:12,379
a engineering,
is economics.

1005
00:54:12,379 --> 00:54:15,530
And I always does
deal like that.

1006
00:54:15,530 --> 00:54:16,790
Engineering is
about design

1007
00:54:16,790 --> 00:54:17,809
and Herb Simon guy,

1008
00:54:17,809 --> 00:54:19,070
I don't know if you're
into Herb Simon,

1009
00:54:19,070 --> 00:54:20,660
but Herb Simon's

1010
00:54:20,660 --> 00:54:22,490
about organizational
design of

1011
00:54:22,490 --> 00:54:23,854
things and he sees this as

1012
00:54:23,854 --> 00:54:26,179
engineering enterprise.

1013
00:54:26,179 --> 00:54:28,640
So the engineers
always trying to,

1014
00:54:28,640 --> 00:54:30,304
how do you make
the system better?

1015
00:54:30,304 --> 00:54:32,375
How do you move from
a current state

1016
00:54:32,375 --> 00:54:34,655
to a future more
desirable state?

1017
00:54:34,655 --> 00:54:37,280
That's a standard thing.

1018
00:54:37,280 --> 00:54:40,549
And I think that
economically.

1019
00:54:40,549 --> 00:54:42,590
There's a couple of
reasons. I don't

1020
00:54:42,590 --> 00:54:43,715
know if you know what

1021
00:54:43,715 --> 00:54:47,795
Du Prey do you pee you IT,

1022
00:54:47,795 --> 00:54:49,160
it's a French engineer,

1023
00:54:49,160 --> 00:54:51,980
famous essay about should

1024
00:54:51,980 --> 00:54:52,819
we build this bridge or

1025
00:54:52,819 --> 00:54:54,245
shouldn't we build
this bridge?

1026
00:54:54,245 --> 00:54:55,759
And it was about what are

1027
00:54:55,759 --> 00:54:57,169
the economic
consequences of that?

1028
00:54:57,169 --> 00:54:58,279
It increased trade.

1029
00:54:58,279 --> 00:55:00,260
And part of the question

1030
00:55:00,260 --> 00:55:02,720
is the economic benefit

1031
00:55:02,720 --> 00:55:04,670
of bringing about

1032
00:55:04,670 --> 00:55:07,729
different design
strategies and so forth.

1033
00:55:07,729 --> 00:55:09,829
But I think that
meanwhile is declarative.

1034
00:55:09,829 --> 00:55:11,329
Like how should we

1035
00:55:11,329 --> 00:55:14,285
design the irrigation
of our fields?

1036
00:55:14,285 --> 00:55:15,979
Agricultural engineering.

1037
00:55:15,979 --> 00:55:17,674
How should we design

1038
00:55:17,674 --> 00:55:21,799
houses was like architecture
was a pleasure.

1039
00:55:21,799 --> 00:55:24,080
We design our neighborhoods
in our cities,

1040
00:55:24,080 --> 00:55:26,299
urban design, the
current policies.

1041
00:55:26,299 --> 00:55:28,354
How is your design
or Economy?

1042
00:55:28,354 --> 00:55:30,589
Shall we have tariffs

1043
00:55:30,589 --> 00:55:31,880
or renew

1044
00:55:31,880 --> 00:55:33,680
contracts? How are
we going to do that?

1045
00:55:33,680 --> 00:55:35,540
Those are all
design questions.

1046
00:55:35,540 --> 00:55:37,310
And I think ultimately
then you say,

1047
00:55:37,310 --> 00:55:39,814
how do we design
a society?

1048
00:55:39,814 --> 00:55:41,689
Politically, this can to

1049
00:55:41,689 --> 00:55:43,129
support all these
different cytokines.

1050
00:55:43,129 --> 00:55:45,335
And at that point you're
at Plato's Republic.

1051
00:55:45,335 --> 00:55:46,445
My gosh.

1052
00:55:46,445 --> 00:55:48,245
How did United system,

1053
00:55:48,245 --> 00:55:50,029
how, how does that work?

1054
00:55:50,029 --> 00:55:53,104
How do these
designs come about?

1055
00:55:53,104 --> 00:55:54,860
Okay, so it's
like one person

1056
00:55:54,860 --> 00:55:56,689
in charge or free market.

1057
00:55:56,689 --> 00:55:58,444
So I think that

1058
00:55:58,444 --> 00:56:01,720
the basic thing is it
basic engineering,

1059
00:56:01,720 --> 00:56:03,250
which is how
should we live

1060
00:56:03,250 --> 00:56:06,319
in economics is
just fundamentals.

1061
00:56:07,590 --> 00:56:10,135
It's actually fully agree.

1062
00:56:10,135 --> 00:56:11,079
Yeah.

1063
00:56:11,079 --> 00:56:14,364
You're reminded
me all pow, pow.

1064
00:56:14,364 --> 00:56:20,650
A professor who work
at Stanford about

1065
00:56:20,650 --> 00:56:21,909
team design for a number

1066
00:56:21,909 --> 00:56:23,290
of years and they develop

1067
00:56:23,290 --> 00:56:26,919
like he was a
civil engineer.

1068
00:56:26,919 --> 00:56:29,395
And he develops this
computation and

1069
00:56:29,395 --> 00:56:32,739
frameworks to inspect how,

1070
00:56:32,739 --> 00:56:35,004
how to increase
performance

1071
00:56:35,004 --> 00:56:37,749
of teams or
project-based pins.

1072
00:56:37,749 --> 00:56:40,029
For example,
maybe you have to

1073
00:56:40,029 --> 00:56:46,025
optimize Record
resource distribution.

1074
00:56:46,025 --> 00:56:48,409
For example, if a
team or a member in

1075
00:56:48,409 --> 00:56:50,975
a team and needs
resources,

1076
00:56:50,975 --> 00:56:52,549
these resources
are limited,

1077
00:56:52,549 --> 00:56:54,109
so you have to take

1078
00:56:54,109 --> 00:56:55,670
some resources form from

1079
00:56:55,670 --> 00:56:58,445
an older person
on this overall,

1080
00:56:58,445 --> 00:57:01,834
these might lead to
performance in Greece.

1081
00:57:01,834 --> 00:57:06,229
He built this, this
interesting models.

1082
00:57:06,229 --> 00:57:07,820
Who is this person?

1083
00:57:07,820 --> 00:57:09,604
Who's HOPWA
organizational design?

1084
00:57:09,604 --> 00:57:13,024
I think his name is
Raymond Lab fragment.

1085
00:57:13,024 --> 00:57:15,455
There's a guy named
Stephen Kline.

1086
00:57:15,455 --> 00:57:18,904
We should look at because
it was all about,

1087
00:57:18,904 --> 00:57:21,020
recall a thermo economics.

1088
00:57:21,020 --> 00:57:25,010
But it's, but
the idea being

1089
00:57:25,010 --> 00:57:30,169
that economics is a
growth discipline

1090
00:57:30,169 --> 00:57:31,070
and should be about how

1091
00:57:31,070 --> 00:57:32,029
do you make the
system better,

1092
00:57:32,029 --> 00:57:33,649
better, better, whatever

1093
00:57:33,649 --> 00:57:35,420
better means
increasing value.

1094
00:57:35,420 --> 00:57:37,640
And again, Herb
Simon Sinek,

1095
00:57:37,640 --> 00:57:39,049
how to move from
current state to

1096
00:57:39,049 --> 00:57:40,955
a future more
desirable state.

1097
00:57:40,955 --> 00:57:42,079
That's what engineers are

1098
00:57:42,079 --> 00:57:43,070
always trying to do.

1099
00:57:43,070 --> 00:57:45,169
This noise make
that I'll bet

1100
00:57:45,169 --> 00:57:48,844
it's the idea being that

1101
00:57:48,844 --> 00:57:50,719
the problem with a lot of

1102
00:57:50,719 --> 00:57:52,820
standard economics is that

1103
00:57:52,820 --> 00:57:53,899
it still got this

1104
00:57:53,899 --> 00:57:56,884
mechanical zero-sum
game stuff.

1105
00:57:56,884 --> 00:57:59,599
It doesn't have any, we
account for this sort

1106
00:57:59,599 --> 00:58:01,909
of growth and improvement.

1107
00:58:01,909 --> 00:58:03,740
And how, what is

1108
00:58:03,740 --> 00:58:06,830
that growth itself
is not clear,

1109
00:58:06,830 --> 00:58:07,939
but it's certainly

1110
00:58:07,939 --> 00:58:10,084
structural and
certainly organization.

1111
00:58:10,084 --> 00:58:12,800
So as an economy develops,

1112
00:58:12,800 --> 00:58:14,120
David, the organizational

1113
00:58:14,120 --> 00:58:16,639
structure of it improves.

1114
00:58:16,639 --> 00:58:19,760
Said that that was Steve,

1115
00:58:19,760 --> 00:58:21,020
clients and scale I

1116
00:58:21,020 --> 00:58:22,865
and II suggestion looking.

1117
00:58:22,865 --> 00:58:26,960
Okay. I wanted to hammer.

1118
00:58:26,960 --> 00:58:30,290
I like to call on Laura
has got her hand up.

1119
00:58:30,290 --> 00:58:32,760
Go ahead and take
a microphone.

1120
00:58:37,600 --> 00:58:43,504
I think it always here
you are, you're muted.

1121
00:58:43,504 --> 00:58:46,430
She's not muted
but not cut it.

1122
00:58:46,430 --> 00:58:47,390
I had to switch.

1123
00:58:47,390 --> 00:58:48,365
Can you hear me now?

1124
00:58:48,365 --> 00:58:49,909
Yeah, I agree.
Okay. Sorry.

1125
00:58:49,909 --> 00:58:53,010
I just switched
my microphone.

1126
00:58:53,170 --> 00:58:55,370
I usually watch these pre

1127
00:58:55,370 --> 00:58:56,329
recorded and I found

1128
00:58:56,329 --> 00:58:57,845
myself trying to pause

1129
00:58:57,845 --> 00:58:59,675
and then realized
they could.

1130
00:58:59,675 --> 00:59:02,839
Go back to the slide
on your results from

1131
00:59:02,839 --> 00:59:04,835
your farmers market study

1132
00:59:04,835 --> 00:59:07,535
and the recommendations.

1133
00:59:07,535 --> 00:59:11,284
It was, it was bullet
point number 3.

1134
00:59:11,284 --> 00:59:13,939
Really fascinated by that.

1135
00:59:13,939 --> 00:59:18,290
If you can be more
to number 13,

1136
00:59:18,290 --> 00:59:19,639
I'm actually in
an agent-based

1137
00:59:19,639 --> 00:59:20,870
simulation class

1138
00:59:20,870 --> 00:59:22,819
right now as the
actual weightlessness.

1139
00:59:22,819 --> 00:59:24,440
And so as pretty

1140
00:59:24,440 --> 00:59:25,910
interested in
highway modelling,

1141
00:59:25,910 --> 00:59:26,719
some of these things.

1142
00:59:26,719 --> 00:59:29,269
But also I would love,

1143
00:59:29,269 --> 00:59:33,139
well, I have a soft spot
for farmers markets,

1144
00:59:33,139 --> 00:59:34,159
but I would love
to hear more

1145
00:59:34,159 --> 00:59:35,870
about some ideas you

1146
00:59:35,870 --> 00:59:40,640
have for designing better,

1147
00:59:40,640 --> 00:59:43,490
better way to promote
trade and get around

1148
00:59:43,490 --> 00:59:46,565
the intermediate
markets issue.

1149
00:59:46,565 --> 00:59:50,464
Okay? Well, this,
this workhouse

1150
00:59:50,464 --> 00:59:55,264
was developed in there,

1151
00:59:55,264 --> 00:59:58,190
taking into account
these Columbia context.

1152
00:59:58,190 --> 00:59:59,909
But

1153
01:00:03,210 --> 01:00:06,219
There are similar
ideas that I have seen

1154
01:00:06,219 --> 01:00:08,485
in the American market.

1155
01:00:08,485 --> 01:00:12,535
There is a colleague
named Caroline.

1156
01:00:12,535 --> 01:00:14,380
Caroline crazy,
courageously.

1157
01:00:14,380 --> 01:00:16,719
Our Polish have some name.

1158
01:00:16,719 --> 01:00:22,674
I can choose. One of the
University of Texas.

1159
01:00:22,674 --> 01:00:25,780
And she works with with

1160
01:00:25,780 --> 01:00:28,209
agricultural markets from

1161
01:00:28,209 --> 01:00:31,225
the complex systems
perspective.

1162
01:00:31,225 --> 01:00:33,400
So she had developed
these ideas,

1163
01:00:33,400 --> 01:00:37,959
pour out for
American markets

1164
01:00:37,959 --> 01:00:39,715
are very agricultural
markets.

1165
01:00:39,715 --> 01:00:44,674
And perhaps you
might check,

1166
01:00:44,674 --> 01:00:47,419
has her work, I did.

1167
01:00:47,419 --> 01:00:51,259
But, but going
back to this,

1168
01:00:51,259 --> 01:00:53,639
how we built this.

1169
01:00:53,890 --> 01:00:57,050
First, like the
process was to

1170
01:00:57,050 --> 01:01:00,019
develop a theoretical
model with no data.

1171
01:01:00,019 --> 01:01:02,330
We didn't have any
data at the beginning.

1172
01:01:02,330 --> 01:01:05,764
So it was like
our agency model,

1173
01:01:05,764 --> 01:01:08,495
bind stuff and
selling stuff.

1174
01:01:08,495 --> 01:01:09,680
And we are like

1175
01:01:09,680 --> 01:01:13,654
a certain demand functions

1176
01:01:13,654 --> 01:01:15,950
with given parameters.

1177
01:01:15,950 --> 01:01:19,550
Unexpected results
on just in terms

1178
01:01:19,550 --> 01:01:25,040
of performance of
every ancient types.

1179
01:01:25,040 --> 01:01:27,559
So hose the performance

1180
01:01:27,559 --> 01:01:29,269
in a given scenario of

1181
01:01:29,269 --> 01:01:30,830
the producers or

1182
01:01:30,830 --> 01:01:33,980
the performance of
intermediaries.

1183
01:01:33,980 --> 01:01:37,309
Producers hope
the wholesalers.

1184
01:01:37,309 --> 01:01:39,080
And then we compare that

1185
01:01:39,080 --> 01:01:40,850
and we got some results.

1186
01:01:40,850 --> 01:01:42,499
But then we said, well,

1187
01:01:42,499 --> 01:01:47,360
we have to calibrate
this with real data,

1188
01:01:47,360 --> 01:01:50,224
but finding data was
very difficult as well.

1189
01:01:50,224 --> 01:01:53,570
So we, we needed to

1190
01:01:53,570 --> 01:01:57,050
extrapolate in
song, for example,

1191
01:01:57,050 --> 01:02:01,010
using some intermediates,

1192
01:02:01,010 --> 01:02:02,434
demand functions

1193
01:02:02,434 --> 01:02:04,789
between producers
are intermediaries.

1194
01:02:04,789 --> 01:02:07,610
Intermediaries have
wholesalers because

1195
01:02:07,610 --> 01:02:12,035
I just don't exist
and where we were

1196
01:02:12,035 --> 01:02:20,300
not able to find and
other things like sizes,

1197
01:02:20,300 --> 01:02:23,880
hope of producers, Nan.

1198
01:02:24,220 --> 01:02:29,009
Land sizes are
included in the model.

1199
01:02:29,200 --> 01:02:32,659
Efficiency factors.
From the line,

1200
01:02:32,659 --> 01:02:38,880
how well or how much
can you use or produce.

1201
01:02:39,910 --> 01:02:42,409
Given us a certain amount

1202
01:02:42,409 --> 01:02:44,689
of potato or production?

1203
01:02:44,689 --> 01:02:49,085
Efficiency factors were
also incorporated.

1204
01:02:49,085 --> 01:02:50,539
Distances.

1205
01:02:50,539 --> 01:02:54,604
And these distances
we have below,

1206
01:02:54,604 --> 01:02:56,000
we have like a matrix

1207
01:02:56,000 --> 01:02:58,039
with distances
between towns.

1208
01:02:58,039 --> 01:02:59,809
And then each town

1209
01:02:59,809 --> 01:03:03,455
we placed in
model producers,

1210
01:03:03,455 --> 01:03:05,449
intermediaries, and
they have to use

1211
01:03:05,449 --> 01:03:08,809
this distance to compute
transport costs.

1212
01:03:08,809 --> 01:03:12,245
So that's Davy, I'll
be behind the model.

1213
01:03:12,245 --> 01:03:15,335
But then the
producers mainly,

1214
01:03:15,335 --> 01:03:17,329
they have like
different paths

1215
01:03:17,329 --> 01:03:19,069
to people and alternatives

1216
01:03:19,069 --> 01:03:20,434
to try the product.

1217
01:03:20,434 --> 01:03:22,265
So at the beginning,

1218
01:03:22,265 --> 01:03:24,949
all these different
pieces have the same

1219
01:03:24,949 --> 01:03:27,755
probability p. But as

1220
01:03:27,755 --> 01:03:30,410
time was running
in the model,

1221
01:03:30,410 --> 01:03:35,405
they learned that for
fraud some channels,

1222
01:03:35,405 --> 01:03:39,979
through some
channels, trading

1223
01:03:39,979 --> 01:03:41,749
was for, was
more profitable.

1224
01:03:41,749 --> 01:03:45,320
So over time, this,
this channels,

1225
01:03:45,320 --> 01:03:47,509
I increase the
probability of being

1226
01:03:47,509 --> 01:03:49,850
selected in the
next time-step.

1227
01:03:49,850 --> 01:03:52,489
So we run this model,

1228
01:03:52,489 --> 01:03:55,760
are we nice convergence?

1229
01:03:55,760 --> 01:03:57,559
Convergence properties
are B and D.

1230
01:03:57,559 --> 01:03:59,360
And in the end,

1231
01:03:59,360 --> 01:04:02,674
one producer use Maurice

1232
01:04:02,674 --> 01:04:04,819
when intermediary and it

1233
01:04:04,819 --> 01:04:06,830
stays like that
forever anymore.

1234
01:04:06,830 --> 01:04:09,545
So that's, that was
converted to see me.

1235
01:04:09,545 --> 01:04:11,180
And then we were

1236
01:04:11,180 --> 01:04:13,504
able to check a number
of spins like a,

1237
01:04:13,504 --> 01:04:16,490
Let's increase the
intermediation group.

1238
01:04:16,490 --> 01:04:18,004
Increase the number.

1239
01:04:18,004 --> 01:04:20,179
There are some number
of intermediaries.

1240
01:04:20,179 --> 01:04:23,150
Okay, let's put double,

1241
01:04:23,150 --> 01:04:25,369
double the number of open,

1242
01:04:25,369 --> 01:04:27,380
how that affects prices.

1243
01:04:27,380 --> 01:04:29,915
For example,
let's increase

1244
01:04:29,915 --> 01:04:32,909
the number of
farmers markets.

1245
01:04:33,310 --> 01:04:36,829
Let's increase or
decrease the cost

1246
01:04:36,829 --> 01:04:39,589
or the transport costs.

1247
01:04:39,589 --> 01:04:41,190
For example.

1248
01:04:41,380 --> 01:04:44,899
Let's increase or
decrease efficiency.

1249
01:04:44,899 --> 01:04:47,524
Then we get
this number and

1250
01:04:47,524 --> 01:04:51,005
we're huge number
of scenarios.

1251
01:04:51,005 --> 01:04:54,379
And then we analyze

1252
01:04:54,379 --> 01:04:55,454
all of this and we came

1253
01:04:55,454 --> 01:04:56,750
up with this
recommendation.

1254
01:04:56,750 --> 01:05:01,799
So the last
recommendation,

1255
01:05:01,990 --> 01:05:04,684
it's an interpretation
of the model.

1256
01:05:04,684 --> 01:05:05,869
So we don't have like

1257
01:05:05,869 --> 01:05:07,655
associations in our model.

1258
01:05:07,655 --> 01:05:09,979
But what we saw is

1259
01:05:09,979 --> 01:05:13,549
that those producers
that are bigger in

1260
01:05:13,549 --> 01:05:15,470
size have

1261
01:05:15,470 --> 01:05:21,694
also larger economic
scale advantage.

1262
01:05:21,694 --> 01:05:23,149
So in that respect they

1263
01:05:23,149 --> 01:05:25,399
were more benefit from,

1264
01:05:25,399 --> 01:05:29,659
from cer, certain grade
and show of prices.

1265
01:05:29,659 --> 01:05:32,450
So we concluded
that this is

1266
01:05:32,450 --> 01:05:35,884
more producers trade
through associations.

1267
01:05:35,884 --> 01:05:38,870
Then they are, they
might seem increase

1268
01:05:38,870 --> 01:05:44,569
the scale negotiation
power against the,

1269
01:05:44,569 --> 01:05:46,774
the, the, the
intermediaries.

1270
01:05:46,774 --> 01:05:48,739
So it wasn't the
interpretation of them

1271
01:05:48,739 --> 01:05:51,004
on but the first two

1272
01:05:51,004 --> 01:05:54,229
are our direct results

1273
01:05:54,229 --> 01:05:56,375
this time while
being pregnant.

1274
01:05:56,375 --> 01:05:58,370
Okay. Yeah, I was
trying to reason

1275
01:05:58,370 --> 01:05:59,839
through it,
thinking like okay,

1276
01:05:59,839 --> 01:06:00,950
so to create

1277
01:06:00,950 --> 01:06:03,499
a small producer trade
association where they

1278
01:06:03,499 --> 01:06:05,419
like at first trading

1279
01:06:05,419 --> 01:06:07,820
with their leg Von
Neumann neighbors.

1280
01:06:07,820 --> 01:06:10,609
And then if there
was no trade there,

1281
01:06:10,609 --> 01:06:12,469
then they would trade
outside of that.

1282
01:06:12,469 --> 01:06:14,885
But I see that

1283
01:06:14,885 --> 01:06:16,955
this form as will
interpret ASL.

1284
01:06:16,955 --> 01:06:17,944
Thank you.

1285
01:06:17,944 --> 01:06:18,735
Okay.

1286
01:06:18,735 --> 01:06:20,989
You're welcome. What would

1287
01:06:20,989 --> 01:06:23,539
an example be of this?

1288
01:06:23,539 --> 01:06:25,999
Small trade
associations be

1289
01:06:25,999 --> 01:06:27,169
like people
that are coming

1290
01:06:27,169 --> 01:06:28,955
to a farmers market,

1291
01:06:28,955 --> 01:06:31,909
pooling their resources
more efficiently,

1292
01:06:31,909 --> 01:06:33,074
get there,

1293
01:06:33,074 --> 01:06:34,159
their product to the

1294
01:06:34,159 --> 01:06:35,449
farmer's market instead of

1295
01:06:35,449 --> 01:06:38,134
everybody acting as an
independent producer.

1296
01:06:38,134 --> 01:06:40,100
Thereby sort of an example

1297
01:06:40,100 --> 01:06:42,679
maybe, yes, suckling.

1298
01:06:42,679 --> 01:06:45,409
Not only draw the
apartments markets,

1299
01:06:45,409 --> 01:06:47,360
but also approved
a comedian.

1300
01:06:47,360 --> 01:06:51,149
For example,
neighboring producers.

1301
01:06:51,160 --> 01:06:57,979
Select one
single producers

1302
01:06:57,979 --> 01:07:01,955
to represent all of them
and be single agent.

1303
01:07:01,955 --> 01:07:06,739
Might just gather the
whole production of

1304
01:07:06,739 --> 01:07:08,929
our community
and trade one

1305
01:07:08,929 --> 01:07:12,690
single price and then
they split equally.

1306
01:07:13,120 --> 01:07:17,299
There is this utility
bill payment.

1307
01:07:17,299 --> 01:07:18,860
So that might be something

1308
01:07:18,860 --> 01:07:20,060
that might be possible.

1309
01:07:20,060 --> 01:07:21,290
We didn't do that,

1310
01:07:21,290 --> 01:07:23,299
but it was clear
from the model

1311
01:07:23,299 --> 01:07:26,555
that that size
was related to

1312
01:07:26,555 --> 01:07:28,880
the same scale
advantage and might

1313
01:07:28,880 --> 01:07:34,230
be benefits in terms
of price negotiation.

1314
01:07:34,480 --> 01:07:38,014
I think I'd like to say
thank you very much.

1315
01:07:38,014 --> 01:07:39,620
We could maybe have
more questions,

1316
01:07:39,620 --> 01:07:41,389
but we kind of
need to kind

1317
01:07:41,389 --> 01:07:43,955
of have a formal
enter the talk.

1318
01:07:43,955 --> 01:07:46,520
And I'd like to do
that right now,

1319
01:07:46,520 --> 01:07:48,245
so thank you very much.

1320
01:07:48,245 --> 01:07:49,399
Thank you.

1321
01:07:49,399 --> 01:07:51,184
Hang on.

1322
01:07:51,184 --> 01:07:53,464
And I'll turn off
the ringer way.

1323
01:07:53,464 --> 01:07:56,119
You bet. But we
can still we can

1324
01:07:56,119 --> 01:07:56,659
still hang out in

1325
01:07:56,659 --> 01:07:57,619
the room for a
few more minutes

1326
01:07:57,619 --> 01:07:59,164
if people want to do that.

1327
01:07:59,164 --> 01:08:01,290
Yeah, sure.