Starting from scratch. We started from scratch. Back from war. Nothing to lose. To learn. The foundation of our future. But it was washed away from the waters we rowers in the college that wouldn't die. From the Oregon ship to the shore was important and we flooded the city to serve to improve the lives of our families, our community, our city, our country. You are thirsty for more knowledge for change, opportunities, justice. And we don't listen when they push back, stand up to show the world how to prove that make a difference. And we will continue to learn to fight for what we started from scratch. Good evening, everyone. Hopefully you can hear me. Good evening. My name is Todd Rose's deal. I'm the dean important State's College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. And thank you so much for joining us tonight at our next Tegrity series. So we're going to start as we always begin at PSU, but with the reading of a land acknowledgment. And I'd like to remind people that although especially if your other PSU community, you've heard this land acknowledgment probably countless times. I certainly have over my years that gets you. But I would really encourage us all to sorta here this land acknowledgment as though you're hearing it for the first time. All right. Thank you. It's Portland State University is located in the heart of downtown Portland, Oregon in melanoma County. We honor the indigenous people whose traditional ancestral homelands. We stand on melanoma, ethylamine, clack, miss Tom water. What Lala bands of the Chinook, the two Alton Kalapuya, and many other indigenous nations of the Columbia River. It is important to acknowledge the ancestors of this place and to recognize that we are here because of the sacrifices forced upon them. In remembering these communities, we honor their legacy, their lives, and their descendants. Additionally, I'd like to leave this digital land acknowledgment since our activities are shared digitally to the Internet. Let's also take a moment to consider the legacy of colonization embedded with the technologies, structures, and ways of thinking we use every day, we are using equipment and high-speed Internet available in many indigenous communities. Even the technologies that are central to much of the art we make, leaves significant carbon footprints contributing to changing climates that disproportionately affect indigenous peoples worldwide. I invite you to join me in acknowledging all of this as well as our shared responsibility to make good at this time. And for each of us to consider our roles and the reap, reconciliation, decolonization, and allyship. Thank you. Well, so again, good evening, everyone. As PSU. I'm so happy you're here tonight. As PSU kicks off the 75th anniversary, we couldn't think of a better topic to explore in our fourth tag writ, event series. And the topic of resilience. Resilience through adversity has defined us as an institution from surviving and thriving in the aftermath of the ban port flood to this past year, COVID-19. And as we've adapted to quickly face this pandemic. So given the topic of resilience tonight, we thought No, no better person to also invite and introduce and give a few minutes to speak than our own president. Dr. Stephen, pursue? Steve, I'd like to say a few words. Good evening, everyone. Thank you. Inviting me tied to this really important, That's I really loved the tag we're at series where you bring diverse voices to demonstrate the breadth and depth to the knowledge, research and exploration going on in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. And tonight's program on resilience couldn't be more timely. Who would have guessed 18 months ago? We were I think where we weren't than that we would had been through what's almost a year now coming up on a year of challenge, trauma, difficulty, resilience, coming together and, and keeping things moving. So what a wonderful time to think about that. And I love the notion of resilience, which talks about the way you describe it is preparing, adapting, and improving in-depth Adversity. My own journey in this work began in 2015 when I read the now rather well-known article in The New Yorker magazine about the big one That's than 9 earthquake potential that was lying off our Oregon coast and the Cascadia Subduction Zone. And I must remember in my job interview that wasn't mentioned very prominently that we were that there was such a thing there, but now I learned that there was. And I began to think at that time, how was PSU preparing to help our communities, our state in our region, in this important work. And I found that there was no emergency management or resilience program at the graduate level in Oregon. None that was focused on how you respond to a disaster and income through it. And I was fortunate enough to work with a large number of faculty from many different disciplines across was in college. Many of the folks on here tonight than your panel, what part of that? And we just envision together what an innovative program and emergency management look like. And when we did that, we took the notion of community resilience, the heart. We're the only program, an emergency manager that has the word resilience and the title that I can find in the country. And that's because we want to our program here at Portland State and we have just launched the program. Jeremy smooth is it's heading that up for us. But that program focuses on the notion of how we work together to help our communities plan for, respond to and come back stronger from a major nach, a natural or other kinds of disaster. And I'm very proud of that NFP pay attention to the communities affected. The disproportionate effects that may affect effect people in terms of their ability to respond or to receive the benefits or response and moving forward and coming out. So I'm certainly very thrilled that some faculty came together and created this new wonderful program. And it is such an important thing to pandemic has taught us that how do we learn from it? And we're actually trying now to be resilient in the light of that. Not only did it we do so much pivoting to remote instruction, remote services, remote support for students, remote, so many things that we want to think about. The next question is, what did we learn from that? That we can come out better and stronger? I think we've learned more about the potential of hybrid learning and learning that has both in class and online capacity Adventures of it. I think we found that some services may be more effectively provided or can reach more students if they're done remotely below. So there's a lot of things we're trying to learn about it because we're trying to come back and be resilient. So I want to join Dean Rosen. Still welcome you tonight. I'm so excited about the panel and I look forward to hearing their different perspectives and voices of resilience. Something is so relevant to our community and our university today. Thank you for being here. My pleasure to be with you. Thank you. Thanks so much, President Percy. Outstanding. Alright. So as Steve, so remind us that is our city and region look to create them are really more resilient. Just an equitable future in our region really does not need to look farther than the expertise and critical resilience work that we have here at Portland State. And as you see denied our college and PSU writ large is home to a very large number of experts with very diverse research and perspectives on this topic. So that said, you know, we created this Taggard series to highlight the incredible depth, breadth of scholarship and agency of faculty and our college. And despite the disruptions of COVID-19 to their work, their research and their scholarship continues. And much like Steve suggested, I would argue too, that many ways this work on resilience is needed now more urgently than ever before. So thank you for joining us tonight and for being part of a community and part of a great city that celebrates and values their own research and scholarship in creating more equitable, healthy, safe, just, and resilient future for us all. So tonight we have another amazing lineup of speakers. And please let me introduce them to you before we play a little trivia. And yes, we are going to play a little trivia. And then we will resume. So first step, I would like to introduce Max Nielsen Pincus. Max is a Professor and Chair of Environmental Science and Management, wax, maxing yellow wave and how it, and he's going to talk to us about how we can adapt to Wildflower. Thank you Max for joining us. Next up. Is Fletcher been doin Fletcher. Fletcher is our director of PSU's Institute for sustainable solution and we helping us think through, is Portland ready for the big one? Fletcher, thank you for joining us. We also have Dr. Jeremy spoon, professor in anthropology department and is also the director of PSU's emergency management and community resilience graduate program. Jeremy, welcome. And he'll be talking to us tonight about rural and indigenous disaster recovery is one size doesn't fit all. We also have and are joined by Jolla antibody. Jolla, welcome. Good evening. Joel as assistant professor of geography department. And who will be talking to us tonight about who negotiates resilience. And with the question, Am I on behalf of whom? Thank you for joining us. And finally, we're joined tonight with Barbara tint, faculty member and conflict and resolution department. Thank you, Barbara for joining us. And she'll talk to us tonight about a funny thing happened on the way to resigns. Alright. Outstanding. So as you can see, we have another great lineup of folks tonight. And before we get going, we're going to do a little bit of trivia. So as we do in all Tegrity series, and I should say the history of tag rate. In addition to highlighting the amazing faculty who have, we would often be doing this pre COVID times. And once we come out of COVID, we will be back there again in our amazing Robertson Life Science building, which is down on the south waterfront. And it's a great deal of fun. So I'm hoping in the fall when we're back open for fall, open for all, that. Next fall event will be in-person and have a chance to play some trivia and do these talks in person. So with that, we are going to so everyone, please grab a piece of paper. If you have it. We're going to have ten trivia questions. And tonight, as we do in normal times, we will also be giving prizes out. And in fact, we will be doing a random drawing for everyone participating tonight. In the prize to win a $50 gift certificate to Third Eye books. Books as a great PSU alumni owned and black women owned bookstore that's here in Portland. So if, if you are in the lucky recipient of that get certificate tonight, you'll get an email from us and explaining how to use it. All right, so let's move on with the trivia show. So can put up, so I'm going to put up 10 questions. And each question, I'll go ahead and we'll give about 30 seconds to answer. We're actually using the polling function tonight. And for those of you new to the polling function in Zoom at the bottom of your Zoom window, there's a little polling button. And you can actually click on that pulling button and then select your answer, true, false, true. And I'll say as a good quiz, we often start easier and then make things a little harder. But oh, people are changing, their answers are going to default, but don't be swayed. Give another few minutes. All right. So with that, we'll stop at 45. Few more seconds. People are still voting. Still voting. Give it a full minute. So the question in a non-human world, wildfires would mostly be started by lightning strikes. Non-human world restricts when the poll, all right, well you can see where the audience thought about what's the true answer. So in this case, they actually, the actual answer is in fact true. That in a non-human world, wildfires would mostly be started by lightning strikes. So about 90 percent of all wildfires in the United States are actually started by humans. Human cause fires. There's all from campfires that are left unattended. The burning of debris, equipment use, malfunction, discarded cigarettes, and intentional acts of arson. Through the end of July 2020, 90 percent of Oregon wild players had been caused by humans. Now that was a jump from the yearly average of 70%. The Oregon Department of Forestry said the pandemic may have been the blame as more people ventured out to enjoy nature after being cooped up for months. So good job. All those who answered true. Next question. Question number 2 of our tree it tonight. How many acres burned during Oregon's 2020 wildfire season? How many acres? Some big numbers on the board. So we can little time. Please answer this. How many acres The polling feature is one of my favorite parts of Zoom. So if you haven't got to play with it, I'm glad we're playing with it. A few more questions. We're almost there. Few more seconds to vote in. How many acres will end now? All right, Wow, look at this. I think we have some experts in the audience. So the correct answer of how many acres burned during organs 2020 wildfire season is in fact 1.079 acres. 44 percent of you got this right. So we clearly have an audience of experts, which is great. So the week of September 7th, 2020 that many of you will remember was, was full of extreme winds and high temperatures and it energized more than 40 large wildfires that burn nearly 1.07 million acres across the org it now this is only the second most on record. The cost of fire, of the cost to fight those fires was extremely high. $354 million. Local authorities issued of evacuation orders across the state, spanning multiple regions, including clack myths in Washington County snare appointment. It was in 2012 that nearly 1.3 million acres burned. And Oregon, that was the most in state history. But the large number was filled by giant grass fires that were also in remote parts of the state where two people. All right. Next question. All right. Next up. Which part of the city coordinates the writing of the natural hazards plan? Which part of the city bureau planning and sustainability, Bureau of Emergency Management, bureau of environmental services, or the mayor's office. Also good poll question. If all of you know what the Bureau's actually do. Which part of the city to more seconds, almost finished voting. And I should say we have many, many people watching us on Facebook Live. So unfortunately, Facebook live, they don't get to proceed in Nepal, but hopefully you're still alright. And the question now, and the answer, well, the top of course, my response is in fact the Bureau of Emergency Management. Again, we clearly have an audience of experts. It is the Portland Bureau of Emergency Management that provides the mitigation action plan, which is also known as the natural hazards mitigation action plan, which details how hazardous events, such as severe weather, earthquakes, landslides, wildfires, and floods might affect RC. It lists the way City offices plan to reduce those impacts. And you'll be hearing more about that tonight. And one of our speakers talks. Next question. Question four. Just warming up. It's a good question. Has the Willamette River flooded into downtown Portland? Gotta 5050 shot? Sometimes the obvious isn't always true. Well, it looks like we're well on this one, since it looks like it's stable. Another five seconds. All right. Hi, overwhelming response of true. Very good. Another audience of experts. In fact, answer is true. It was June 7th, 890 for it was the great flood of 1894, which is where the Willamette River reached a high watermark of 33.5 feet, covering to 150 square blocks and knocking out public utilities, warehouses and docks downtown Portland to job bridges were struck open, stuck open, limiting travel from the east and west sections of the city, right? Business is sold merchandise to my favorite part business is sold merchandise from their second floor windows are operated from bugs floating in city streets. In 1996, again, experienced a major flooding when the Pineapple Express, a narrow region of atmospheric moisture that builds up over the tropical Pacific, brought heavy rain and melting snow. Downtown Portland was saved by an army of volunteers. Who is she? Plastic and sand bags under the supervision of the Army Corps of Engineers to erect bureaus wall after the river creeped over the harbor wall and along the waterfront. So good job for those of, you know, Portland's history. Next question. Question 5. What catastrophic disaster occurred earlier this month in the Indian Himalayas? It's an earthquake. Was it a landslide? Was an avalanche. Was it a glacial lake, outburst flood? It's a little harder than true, false questions here go which catastrophic will end us in a few seconds. So please get your voting in earthquake, landslide, glacial lake, outburst, flood. All right, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. All right. Now at the polling is again, glacial lake outburst flood is the correct answer. The flood a suspected had been triggered by what is known as the glacial lake outburst in India, second highest mountain peak, NANDA daddy. That's sent of water of wall all sorry, a wall of water gushing downstream with incredibly severe force. At least 58 people are confirmed to have been killed and more than 150 are currently missing. We'll hear more about disasters that strike and this part of the world by one of our speakers tonight. Next up is question 6. Oooh, what is the most common natural hazard? With the most common natural hazards? Earthquakes, wildfires, floods, storms. You know, what is the most common natural has to be earthquakes, wildfires, floods, or storms. Okay, a few more seconds. But I grew up in a land of tornadoes. So to me, seems pretty high. That picture that's the most common, perhaps. All right, we'll end the poll. Right? Well, the winner here with storms, in fact, the correct answer is floods. That would be C. Floods is the correct answer. So congratulations, those floods. Flooding is in fact the most common environmental hazard worldwide. This is due to the vast geographical distribution of river floodplains and low-lying coastal areas. However, it's possible flooding to occur in areas with unusually long periods of heavy rainfall. So in the US, floods kill more people each year than tornadoes, hurricanes or lightning. In 2019 alone, there were 93 for fatalities reported from flash floods and river floods in the US. In 2020 there were 57 deaths, and in 2021 there's already been one deaths reported in Oregon to floods are in fact the most common class. Next question. What disasters caused the most fatalities? What disasters caused the most fatalities? Earthquakes, storms, extreme temperatures for flights. Disasters. Me. Give you another few seconds. 5, 4, 321. All right. Who? Well, the audience paul, is extreme temperatures. The correct answer is in fact, earthquakes. So 35 percent and you scored correctly. Congratulations, earthquakes is the where it turns out the most deadly earthquake in history was Shanghai, China, which was back in 1556. It's estimated to have killed nearly 830 thousand people. This is more than twice that of the second most fatal, the recent Port-au-Prince earthquake in Haiti, which was just back in 2010. It's reported that 316 thousand people died in that earthquake as a result earthquakes. Next question, Number eight. Almost over. Question 7. Sorry, Question 8. All right. According to UN according to the UN Office of disaster risk reduction 2020 report, the number of people affected by disasters between 2010 and 2019. It's how many people were impacted by disasters. Again, some big numbers on the board, 3.254.31.22.5 billion. Few minutes to answer. Few seconds. 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. All right, and from audience Pauling, who looks like the majority of the audience chose 2.5 billion. The correct answer is in fact, 4.03 billion. Letter B, 27 percent got the correct answer. Congratulations. Now I will say these numbers represent a sharp increase in the number of recorded disaster events by comparison with the previous 20 years, between 1980 and 999, disasters affected about 3.25 billion people. While better recording and reporting may partly explain some of these increases in the events. Much of it is due to a significant rise in the number of climate-related disasters. Or at least that's what the report content. So 4.3 billion effective. Amazing. Question nine. The penultimate question, only two left. All right, Number 9. Globally, about 110 million people have contracted COVID-19. How many people have recovered to date? 10.580 million, 62 million. Forty three million. Do a few more seconds. 54321, and pull. While clearly the audience thinks 80 million, the correct answer is in fact 60 to nine. So we add this question and to remind us just where we are in this global pandemic and the fact that it's having on, on humans worldwide, so sick Only 62 million so far have recovered over 110 million people who have contracted COVID. Our final question, number ten. Which of the following skills is critical for disaster response? Flexibility, ability to think quickly, heightened awareness, collaboration, all of the above. 20 more seconds. All right, five, looks like we're converging on consensus. Alright. Well done everyone. And perhaps that's because we also got through the snow pockets together. The correct answer is, in fact, all of the above. All of these will be critical to effective, to be effective in a disaster response. And we'll hear more about all of these later tonight. But it turns out even and provenance, provenance improvisation can help us develop some of these skills and competencies as well. All right, Well, thank you all for playing trivia. That will hopefully some hope you learned some things. The intent of us to play trivia is to make sure that it kinda primes your brain for tonight's speakers and we really appreciate it. Again, one of you will be a lucky winner, the $50 gift certificate from Thursday book. So please pay attention to whatever e-mail you use to sign up for this event. If you are lucky winner will send that notification to you, the e-mail. All right. Again, thank you for playing. Hope you learned something. With that, we'd like to start to show. And I'd like to welcome our first speaker of the night, Max Nielsen Pincus to the stage. So the most common way we think about resilience is the ability to bounce back. However, resilience can also be a process of overcoming systems. Systems we'd rather dismantle or adapt. To explore these ideas, I want you to join me on a drive through a couple of organs, fire prone communities and other examples as a means towards answering the question, how do we adapt to wildfire? For a moment? Imagine leaving this virtual space. Drive on Interstate 5 towards the state capital and Eastern Oregon highway 20 to, as you drive towards the stadium Kenyon, you'll pass through fertile agricultural land and farm communities on your way and foothills of the Cascades, leaving one world and entering another. Like many communities, the sand am Canyon sits at the interface between organs, urban and power centers. And it's rural communities sandwiched between Oregon's past and its forests and wild lands. We pass the communities of the canyon, some characterized by vacant storefronts and hope that hangs by a thread. And that was before the pandemic and the summers wildfires. And although vibrant and natural resources and environmental amenities, the Sania can and in many other rural forested communities, is characterized by marginalization of economic and social trajectories that modern America has overlooked. Over 40% of the population of the stand am Canyon is either under the age of 18 or over 6516 live in poverty, and just over 10 percent have a bachelor's degree. 1 third the rate of higher educational attainment across the state. The fertility rate is higher, and mobile homes are twice as common as you'll find it elsewhere in Marion County. Keep driving up Highway 22 today and you'll see Douglas fir and Hemlock Forests and snow black. And if by wildfire, the foundations and chimneys of one home or business next to another, that next clip inexplicably escaped the BCCI Creek and lion's head fires. Asked the towns of Mill City, gates, Detroit, and I Dana, a landscape transformed the likes of which we haven't seen in Oregon since the Coast Range burned and the telework fires in the 1930s through fifties. How do we rebuild after fire? And how do we replace the sticky resilience of marginalization with opportunity and adaptation? For a second story, I want to continue our drive towards s0 I'm Canyon will leave the aftermath and pass the now familiar perimeter of the BnB and other fires change that is now normalized into the recovery of the landscape and our collective psyche. Drive past the open forests and yellow bellied ponderosa pines near Black Butte ranch and towards OB reboot and Ben. And here you'll find the newly developed community of the tree farm. Homes clustered around acres of forest and open space built from the ground up as a fire wise community. And here we have a second story, a story about preparing for wildfire. A fire wise community, meaning that fire risk reduction is incorporated into every aspect of the community from risk assessment. Coordination with local a, local agencies to architectural standards and educational programming for residents with home site buyers and neighbors watching managers from federal, state, and local agencies coordinated to burn the property, a prescribed fire intended to reduce wildfire risk to the future homes. And despite the fresh char within a few months of the burn, nearly all the homes were sold. So these two stories illustrate, we can see examples where adaptation to wildfire is needed and where it's happening. But the reality is, is that the two stories diverge and more ways than that come together. Different forests, different people, different risks and resources and places that necessitate different pathways to building and rebuilding communities resilient to wildfire. While the pathways of local decision-making maybe as different as our communities, the questions we have to ask ourselves are similar. Where do we build? How do we build? How do we manage forests, especially those at the interface of communities? And how do we manage the resources that manage our climate? Dense urban or suburban communities may come to different answers. Then dispersed and rural communities. Yet the differences and how those communities answer those questions make it a difficult problem to solve legislatively from our centers of power. Instead, this is a problem of what I call governance. Now, not to be confused with government, but governance. The processes of interaction and decision-making among stakeholders facing a collective problem. Effective governance leads to the creation and reinforcement of social norms and institutions designed to address common problems. To effectively govern wildfire risk, we need connections between local stakeholders, leaders, managers and resonance and the development of relationships that span those typical boundaries. And for the last several years, these connections have been the subject of my research. Working with a team of researchers from federal agencies and other universities, Lab at PSU has mapped the networks of fire risk stakeholders in hotspots of wildfire across the Western US. And the takeaways from our work are actually quite simple. There's a large community of people out there working on the solutions to the challenges of wildfire. They represent a diverse set of organizations and perspectives, from federal and state agencies to community groups and local governments, natural resource managers and emergency responders and housing and Environmental Advocates among many others. But probably most importantly, some of those actors play outsized roles as connectors, bringing people together across boundaries to solve the problem. Washington, for example, we found that non-profit and local organizations were occupying the space and filling gaps, or government and formal institutions were absent. With the support of the organization known as la fac or the Washington fire adapted Communities Network. And in the wake of several devastating fire seasons in Washington County Fire District number 1 hired not another firefighter, but a Community Outreach Liaison, a coordinator who is now at the center of efforts to transform the way North Central Washington lives with fire. In contrast, in Utah as urban Wasatch region, the State Department of natural resource coordinators are at the center of efforts to build community resilience. Wildfire reflecting a more centralized approach that Utah is bringing to the problem. So despite the differences that we see across communities are finding paella an emerging the work of an emerging network of entrepreneurs of community at a patient innovators who are increasingly supporting and learning from each other and efforts to develop a culture that lives with fire. Resilience. Wildfire moves beyond simply legislating increased funding for more firefighting or or for defensible space around homes are building more responsibly with less flammable materials and designs or for more than a different forest management. Those sure, those are important. But transformational adaptation is about building a culture where fire is part of the landscape and where communities are empowered to embrace that reality. So let me tell you one final story, not of place, but of transformation. In the 990s, Oregon, in response to a crisis of declining salmon and our rivers and streams, crafted a plan to empower local stakeholders from different interests to work together to assess what limited salmon in their local watersheds. These groups, these watershed counsels, were to use their assessments as a basis for proposals to restore rivers and streams and they're nearby forest and floodplains. Oregon plan replied on hiring watershed coordinators, people whose job it was to keep convene local stakeholders despite their differences, to find common ground and implement solutions. Little wins that they started with those little wins, they grew into bigger wins. And bigger wins helped expand common ground and lead to projects that today are rebuilding ecological infrastructure, supporting a watershed restoration economy worth over a billion dollars, and transforming our systems of watershed management. We can look to the Oregon plan for salmon and watersheds as an example that might help us adapt to wildfire. Investment in local Coordination capacity, like we've seen in Utah. And then she'll land in Oregon's watersheds and in many other cases can help foster a long-term approach to empower local governance to adapt to wildfire risk in communities like those of the s0, um, Kenyon. And building a coordination network across the state can help us hold up examples like the tree farm as something that local communities can learn from and adapt. Identifying the aspects of community we want be more resilient and dismantling resilient marginal, marginalization is what adapting to wildfires about it is the process of resilience. We know we can adapt to fire. We can see examples out there where it's being done. The question, simply, well, we do it. And will those tools of adaptation be available to everyone? Thank you. Thank you so much, Max. And I do want to let the audience know, too, that we have there's a Q and a. We will have a Q&A session after we finish all the speakers tonight. So please, if you have Max's, give you a lot of thought, food for thought and you have more questions from actress, I guarantee you do. Please jot those questions in the Q&A box. So thank you. Next Next up, we have Fletcher been doin Thatcher is the director of PSU's institute, a sustainable solutions, but they did. I think people can see you that helps out. So my towel, my presentation is ready for the big one. And in 2015, the story that President pursued talked about definitely got everyone's attention. It painted a clear picture of a significance of the significant and reverberating impact of Cascadia subduction zone earthquake in the Pacific Northwest. The article also made it clear. So this would have systemic impacts on our city. Mean that as one piece of infrastructure fails, so does the next and so on. So if the impacts of a major earthquake are systemic, that our preparation for the disaster must also be systemic. We need to think to be able to think and plan as if pipes, parks, and pumps are interconnected and dependent on each other. But humans are not good at thinking systemically. We're much better at organizing around the pieces of the system as opposed to the system as a whole. So this plays out in our society writ large and you can see it, see many examples of it. But just for today I'm going to talk about our city and specifically our city infrastructure and the different departments that manage that infrastructure. So for if we know we need systematic or systemic thinking and planning in order to get ready for the big one. Then how do we do that? If we're not organized like that? And this is the exact premise for a collaboration between the City of Portland, Portland State University called a resilient infrastructure planning exercise. So this collaboration focused on the threat that a major earthquake posed to the cities, built infrastructure or pipes, parks, pumps and more. And explore the interdependencies and connections between these pieces of infrastructure when trying to respond and recover from major earthquake. So for two days, 40 participants from multiple parts of the city came together to share existing plans, generate new ideas. Really think about what would make our system more resilient. So we effectively recover from major earthquake. We call it an exercise because it is not about coming up with exact plans and designs, but rather to uncover new ways of approaching the challenge and preparing for this earthquake. Part of the design, the important part are an important part of the design was also to foster relationships across parts of the city that can fuel future projects and collaborations. So one of the first steps of this exercise was to understand the potential impact of an earthquake. And I'll pause for a moment so we can combine their houses. But this map shows a few things, but the big one is the liquefaction zones that would be created after a major earthquake. So the red to green gradient are the areas where the land would experience deformation and would cause major disruption and destruction of city infrastructure. So these are the areas where you're going to see massive, massive, massive damage. But it's also important to note that throughout the city in an experience like this, you're going to have massive shaking that's also going to be extraordinarily disruption or disruptive to the infrastructure and the people. So we were looking at this map and then we started to layer on the parts of our city. So this map starts to show. Some of the different pieces of infrastructure within our city. And as we started to look at where those infrastructures would start to fail when we've had a massive disaster. And so you'll see kind of the, the pink lines and dots being some of the critical pump stations for sewers. You'll see the green areas being these priority parks that are most important for staging and recovery, and also the critical roads, they'll be cleared first to allow for movement. Those are kinda the orange lines there. So this is not all of these systems, so these are just the ones that would be the plans for the ones that are coming back online first. So, but even if you just start to look at these few pieces of our infrastructure, you see how it starts to become this complex interconnected web. So when we put these pieces of infrastructure on the same map, we can also start to see and on the same map where we also are looking at the earthquake, you can see where there might be some problems. So as we're seeing massive damage across the city, we look at this orange line, which is a road and we look at the circle is kind of a major pump station. And these are to the pump station is a critical one to fix really quick, but we realized that there's a disconnect there. So that road That's the nearest road to be cleared. But then we have a pump station that needs to be fixed down here. So this exercise helped pose the question, do we need to change our plan to make sure there's a road to that pump station so that we can begin that recovery process or if it's not possible, how do we adjust our plans so that the early recovery of our sewer system is not reliant on that pump station. This is just one of the important questions that got uncovered during this process as we looked at the infrastructure as one cohesive, interdependent system. So the report regenerated from this exercise, brought the content from these meetings together and provide one place to look for ideas and approaches to building resilience into our infrastructure systems. But today exercise and the report held the space to think about our roads, pipes, parks, and more as one connected system. And also centered the notion that our infrastructure will be inextricably linked during a disaster and that our planning and response needs to acknowledge that. So one of the creative approaches that came out of this exercise had to do with our city's water. So you'll see some yellow dots popping up here. So a major earthquake is likely to damage our water system, which is of course a critical asset for keeping people in Portland so they could recover or so the city can recover. So what's the best way to get our water back after disaster? So one way might be to fix all the pumps and pipes as quickly as possible ship and water in the meantime, and do it as quickly as you can. And during this resilient planning exercise, we also discovered another option which was to tap into some of the existing well water systems in our city that can be found in our parks. So these yellow dots on the map represent existing well-watered systems that are already in our parks and are spread across our city. So uncovering this resource meant that the group could discuss options for retrofitting these wells so that they would be able to withstand an earthquake. And immediately they could become this distributed set of water hubs around our city. And so this is just one example where preparation now and investing in some infrastructure now will help us bounce back better and quicker. In the face of a major earthquake. So I was just one example and this these conversations and a lot of the information that report had many, many more are we're starting to see the interconnections across this infrastructure and starting to think about better ways forward on that. Not just make our system is better in the future after this earthquake, but also could maybe benefit us in the present. So but during this time, something that was really interesting that we had in mind, but we didn't really realize it would build, to this extent was the work that we did to build social infrastructure, which are the ways that the relationships in the chemistry in the trust. I started to boil up across these participants and kind of give life to these new ideas and new ways of working together. So in the social infrastructure across this group is so strong that after this event and the development of the report, they self-organize into across city collaborative group called the disaster resilience and recovery action group. So there's still meeting today, continuing to deepen their relationships and trust. And they're also looking for creative ways to implement the ideas that came out of this report. So getting ready for a major earthquake is a long and complex task and I've just shown you one slice of it today. And although we're not there yet, this work was one big step in the right direction. Thank you, Fletcher. Thank you very much. Next up, Jeremy spoon, case, US Department of Anthropology. April 25th, 2015, 11 56 am. A 7.8 magnitude earthquake hit mountain regions of Nepal. There were thousands of deaths and injuries. More than 750000 private houses and government buildings damaged and destroyed and crippling the country's built environment. There were 400 earthquakes and aftershocks of a magnitude of four or greater within one year. And there were abundant cascading hazards after the earthquakes, like landslides, rule and indigenous communities living in and geographically hazardous locations where some of the hardest text media attention shifted weeks after the events. Recovery has taken years continuing today, nearing six years after the initial events. Why did this earthquake and its aftershocks cause so much devastation? Why is the recovery taking so long? What can we learn from this event to apply to the next catastrophe? Let's take a step back for a moment to understand how hazards are produced by power in history. Hazards are not inherently disasters. They become disasters depending on vulnerabilities. These can be social, like racial inequality, structural like architecture, injury are related to the capacitor response. Social vulnerability is a major reason that hazards turn into disasters, especially in the developing world for rule and indigenous peoples that live in perilous geographies. Disasters also typically amplify preexisting social and economic inequalities. Social vulnerabilities and often impact the poor and marginal most. Disaster recovery must therefore consider whether it replicates inequalities that existed prior to the disaster, such as social inequality. If there is any transformative potential to build back better. Understanding how power and history helped to produce disasters is therefore key to being resilient to a hazard. Without taking this into consideration, disaster relief and recovery may overlook root causes such as poverty that helped to make the disaster the hazard a disaster. In the first place. I want to focus here on the relationship between inequality and spatial dynamics and spit in disaster contexts. The poor often live on the geographic margins with high vulnerabilities created by the physical geographies of where they live. In Nepal, centuries of the caste system gave more power to certain groups over indigenous and rule people's, excluding them from economic opportunities and pushing them to live in biophysically challenging and often dangerous circumstances, such as high mountain slopes or a floodplain. Living in these geographies creates vulnerability to hazards such as landslides, amplifying their impacts, and creating catastrophic disasters. What you're looking at right now is an open landslide that was created in the 2015 Nepal earthquake. You're seeing local groom residents harvesting fodder for their livestock, crossing this trail, this open landslide every day during the monsoon in very dangerous circumstances in order to continue their way of life. In these marginal geographies, indigenous and rule people show resilience by using ingenuity and creativity to adapt to these challenging circumstances, using their indigenous knowledge to mitigate the dangers that these locations present, such as traditional architectural, engineering and environmental knowledge. Here you're seeing indigenous peoples and a displacement camp after the earthquakes, adapting a year and a half after the earthquakes, to the circumstances that they're in while waiting to be resettled. I'm now going to take us back to our research in Nepal. Starting in 2015, we followed for 100 different households that experienced catastrophic impacts from the 2015 earthquakes and aftershocks. We studied the relief phase, the recovery phase, which is actually after the initial phase where health and safety is the focus. This was nine months after the earthquakes when the national reconstruction program began. We conducted surveys and interviews at that nine month interval at a year and a half, and returned it to an app yours to return research and receive feedback. We selected communities near to the road with access to external aid, such as international non-governmental organizations or NGOs, and to communities further from the road with less access. Say, all houses and critical infrastructure were damaged or destroyed. We found that disaster recoveries are indigenous and rural households and settlements are culturally and spatially heterogeneous, specific to context and improving for some while circumstances we're getting worse for others. We also recognize for patterns important to understanding disaster recovery. First, we found that social inequality caused by the legacy of the caste system pursuit, push certain populations to live in biophysical vulnerable areas, such as high Himalayan slopes. This then cause some of the poorest and most marginal to experience some of the worst impacts from the earthquakes, such as catastrophic landslide, complete destruction of critical infrastructure including health posts and micro hydro power plants. Social inequality was therefore amplify by the disaster, especially through the pre-existing spatial dynamics are where people's settlements are located. Second, these rule and indigenous households experienced extreme hazard exposure to landslides that created cracks and fissures in pastured fields, forest and trails, and in the worst cases, covered entire settlements, forcing displacement to camps and potentially future relocation. Place-based livelihoods such as hurting and forest product collection, where therefore significantly impacted and slow to recover. Not unexpected. Displacement occurred for homes and place-based livelihoods for all locations, with some returning to our lives faster using local and indigenous knowledge. Summed remaining camps for up to 2.5 years. Indigenous and local knowledge that developed in these circumstances was the use to mitigate the impact of these disasters, helping them to recover faster. Third, settlements further from the road and with less outside aid, utilize the cultural tradition of mutual aid through work exchange to help the poorest and most marginal in their settlements to rebuild their homes. This showed that they are not passive victims of the earthquakes, but instead an active agents in their recovery. Indigenous knowledge was also operationalize to rebuild homes and place-based livelihoods for these survivors. However, few, if any of the newly rebuilt or repaired homes met a new building codes created by the nepal government after the earthquakes during the time of the study. Therefore, most households utilize the government rebuilding program to build a structure that met the new building codes that were often very small because the funds given to them, We're not worth as much because of the high slopes that they lived on and the inflation that occurred because of their lack of road access. What you're looking at in this photo or a folks building a miniature house to the building codes because that is all that they could afford. They're all using mutual aid, a cultural tradition within their settlement and within their ethnic group. And none of them are trained carpenters. Many of our participants felt that even though they returned to their homes faster using local knowledge, they continued to struggle to put their lives back together. This reinforces the point that help was necessary. However, if it took into account local knowledge, it would seemingly be more effective forth accessibility by road and having more aid did not necessarily equate with better recovery outcomes in one location. With rode, with road access and a considerable amount of outside aid from NGOs. Community members waited for help from outside rather than recovering themselves. This cause most households to remain and temporary shelters longer, which made them vulnerable to extreme weather such as snow and windstorms. The road and aid created a situation where expectations influence folks to wait for aid rather than recover with their own knowledge and practices. The aid that did come with relief materials such as tarps or food and appeared unsustainable in the eyes of our participants. It also rarely if at all, took it into a top. It took into account local knowledge. What are the next steps then? Disasters are produced by power in history, Place, Culture and money matter for a bus for recovery and any chance of building back better. Root causes of vulnerability need to be taken into account to better respond to these events. Social inequality and spatial dynamics intersect when a disaster occurs, which cause the poor and vulnerable to experience these disasters the worst, especially indigenous and rule peoples and biophysical extremes. Disasters are also helped bring to the surface fundamental inequalities in our societies. Identifying these root causes can drive transformative change when power and historical dynamics are taken into account, indigenous and local knowledge can assist in making disaster relief and recovery more effective and provide resilience to mitigate impacts when disasters do occur. Remember, one size does not fit all the rule and disease rule in indigenous disaster recovery. Thank you. Thank you so much Jeremy. Again, as I know, a lot of questions are starting to come in, so so please drop any questions you have in the Q&A box. Or you can also drop them in the chat box. We're starting to archiving the back and then we'll have a great panel discussion afterwards. So please, Next up, we have Dr. Jolla, a Javadoc, Assistant Professor in PSUs, geography department, go with our agenda and racial equality. We cannot achieve all sustained community resilience. I want to introduce you to somebody I met in money. Money lies a CD of that scene, million people. A name is Chris cell by trained personnel is one of those people we would label vulnerable because she grew up in an informal settlements and in a low-income community in the district of Sri Lanka and in Manila. Purcell became a community leader after Typhoon on DOI chalk. In 2009, it affected 4.9 million people and over 600 people die. The morning after the typhoon, she woke up and our district was inundated, which was chatted, and to let people in our community lost their lives. That was when Chris sell roasted Holland. And she said, I feel it's my personal responsibility to protect my community. Just like resell the typhoon out. What CAN in many people, compassion. Solidarity, unity, and a sense of duty to walk together to build a new future. We've seen similar experiences in potlatch, particularly in the days after a snowstorm and also after the power outages that we experienced recently, many people came together to exchange goods, blankets, firewood, water, and module. In the case of resell, after becoming the leader within HES, should transform a community from a place where people struggle to have access to food, trial, access to job. She made it a point of duty that people had access to social and economic opportunity, particularly for women and for the poor. Resell, increase the minimum wages of the Baran guy walk as that's the dispute where she worked. She implemented childcare programs, street cleaning initiatives. You flip images is stockpiles and as an monitoring programs. In 2008, seen salon GAN where Christelle grew up on, which works won an award for being one of the cleanest, safest place to be even walk and play. In Metro Manila. However, in January 2019, Purcell was gone down by four gunmen in enabling me to I report suggests that a debt was politically motivated. But why am I telling you about Purcell today? There are a few take home messages I really want to share with you. One is that there are no vulnerable groups. Calling a group of people vulnerable is an exclusionary language that applies. A deficit lens implies a reduced quality of life and suggest assumption regarding people's class, race, ethnicity, or odd identities. But also it, people resilience may be wass or straights in Washington said after the flooding Xian as she's that stop calling me resilient because every time you say I'm resilient, you are trying to do something House to me. I am not resilient. But what do I mean not to call people vulnerable or a CA? What I mean is that we need to avoid labeling people and focused on acknowledging the past arms and injustices that have intentionally put certain groups of people at higher risk of natural and socially induced disasters. Number two, we need to recognize that resilience is and put up the decisions negotiated over time. Resilience and vulnerability. I'm not accidental, but orient said in formal and inform our decisions made by some people on behalf of Addis. Slavery, colonialism, land appropriation, loss, red lining, and all exclusionary policies and practices have effects on our society to dates. When we choose neoliberal economic systems over the climates. When we choose to invest in Wall Street or by health care in wealthy communities, or by improving social services for all. When we build houses for capital accumulation and not for housing people, we already predetermine the outcome of a hazard. We all ready lay the foundation for generational environmental disasters. Theories of discrimination, right, ultimately translates into poor social outcomes and relegates setting groups of people to a lifetime of low economic, educational, health and housing conditions. Which means inquiry disasters or increase vulnerability to disasters or by a lifetime. But what should we do about this issue? You may actually, there are a few things we can do and think about. One is that we have to realized that we need to dismantle the system that has ensured resilience for some and not for others. Son of a few resilient individuals does not translates to a resilient community. People are resilient together. We must work together to build the future, the ones that future, that includes improved water systems, include infrastructure system, improve our scene for all food access, for all healthcare services, for all transportation and communication, for role and particularly for marginalized communities. Number 2, crisis often presents a window of opportunity to build a new future. Or it also can mean that we may maintain the status quo. The COVID-19 crisis that we're all experiencing right now is one of such crisis. Black and Latinos are three times more likely than whites to be obstinate allies because of COVID-19 and 1.5 times likely to die from the virus. Indigenous communities, I've also been eat odd by this virus, both by the physical toll and the economic toll of this pandemic. Many of these issues, a non luxury based exposures. Black and Latino people and indigenous people did not choose to expose themselves to COVID-19. Some of the exposures are actually born out of necessity, often because people have to choose between paying the abuse or weeks in exposure in places where the walk and particularly in low-income jobs. Women have also been eat hot. I know women are not an homogeneous group, but we also know that many women bear the destruction of repercussion, a button of childcare during this pandemic, many have lost their jobs. Particularly those Walk in small businesses or small business owners, or those who walk in society sector. Another issue too, we must bear in mind is that race and income tend to determine access to resources, particularly in this country, on the issue of vaccination. Just over 5% of the total number of people vaccinated and black, while 60% of those fascinated our whites. Of course, we know that black low-income families don't have access to high internet speed. Some or many do not even have personnel, doctors, or even pharmacy in their neighborhoods. And all of this correct barriers to even accessing the COVID-19 vaccine. The COVID-19 crisis is another reminder that our current political economy system and also our solutions to some of the problems that have an edge. I still unjust. Unsustainable under perpetuates inequitable resilience. Just like resell, but shrine, we need to walk with communities to build their capacity to resist the AMS come by climate change, the harms caused by COVID-19 pandemic, and also the harms caused by our dominant political economy system. I believe that corrective measures to address many of this problem was not be seen as an handouts or a social welfare program. They must be seen as measures for reparative justice. This form of justice requires approaching people with a sense of humanity, our shared humanity, a sense of dignity and respect. It also means building the strengths and assets of these communities while resistant the temptations to be biased also reinforce stereotypes or labels. We need to continue to create avenues of descent so against the dominant system that privileges some people and allows them to be more resilient than others. And that reinforces the establishment that hasn't worked for many. We need to find ways to negotiate new pathways for a better, an equitable, and adjust, and a greener future. We need to create a pipeline of purcell by trends so that the walk never stops it. But when one of us is I list, we cannot all be stopped. I believe we have an opportunity to change the course of history. I believe an alternative world is possible. This world is calling on you. It's calling me to seize the moment. The question is, are we ready? Thank you. Thank you so much. Next up, we have Barbara. Barbara, I'm coming looking for my lines. Go. Hello everybody. How are you? I know you're out there and God knows, we want to be in a room together. So let's pretend we are. I have some questions for you. If you have ever felt resilient, please raise your hand. Thank you. If you have ever felt not resilient, please raise your hand. Thank you. So I am assuming that most, if not all of you, raised your hand both times. So congratulations. In the first 10 seconds of this talk, you'll have debunk one of the myths about resilience. That people are either resilient or they're not. And if there's one thing I want you to get from my talk tonight, I want you to understand that resilience can be learned and developed. I'm a psychologist, I'm a professor of conflict resolution, I'm a trainer and I'm a facilitator. For many years I've worked with groups all around the world in many different capacities. I've worked with refugee communities. I've worked with climate change scientists and policymakers and community leaders. I've worked with climate change educators. I've worked with lawyers and conflict resolution professionals. And I've worked with community leaders and organizational leaders. So what do all of these people have in common? They are all living and working in conditions of change, uncertainty, and challenge. And you may have noticed that in some of these pictures people were doing some fairly unusual things. I have people throwing invisible balls at each other and telling fantastical stories and pretending to be suns and moons and running around the room. Why? Because one of the tools I use with them and without question, one of the most valuable tools I have is improvisation. That's right. Improvisation. While I have performed and survived it, as did the audience. I'm more importantly and applied and her advisor, which means I use improvisation methods, mindsets, principles and activities in all of my work with organizations and communities. And for the last seven years I've been working extensively with climate change organizations, supporting them in developing tools and methods for resilience and adaptation, both for the organizations themselves and the communities they work with. Now you might be and probably should be wondering how improvisation has anything to do with climate change or resilience. Well, trust me a lot. So in resilience work that I've done with my brilliant colleague of mine in Berlin. We focused on supporting people in developing competencies to strengthen their skills in these areas. If I move this, what you can see the whole thing. Notice that improvisation is at the very top. Now. Well, we could spend hours on each of these things. We're going to focus on improvisation tonight because one, I think it is the most powerful tool we have. And two, because it is actually connected to all of these other things. Okay, I have another question for you. How many of you are improvisers? Let's find out. So I would like you to take about 15 seconds and look around just space. You've been sitting in this space for the last year. I want you to just look around and see if you notice anything that you haven't noticed before. Go for something on the wall. Is there a rock? There's something in a corner you haven't seen before? Okay. How many of you noticed something you hadn't seen before? I'm guessing many of you, and if you didn't, you didn't fail, right? So part of being an improviser, voila, you are all improvisers. Why? Because improvisers are not about being funny. Improvisation is about being present, noticing more, using what's available and in front of you. Building constructively on reality, being creative, taking risks, being spontaneous, using and moving quickly past mistakes, collaborating, learning to be comfortable in uncertainty, seeing possibilities, and stepping into the unknown. And all of these are critical skills for individuals, organizations, and communities dealing with both crisis and long-term impacts of risk and uncertainty. We're being agile in the face of the unknown and having to use what's available, or often what they were pulled to do. Now come to think of it That's true of all of us. Especially this year. The need to navigate uncertainty has less left us worn, weary and afraid. Or typical resources and reserves have not been available to us. And I'm quite sure that my training as an improviser has allowed me to adapt it and create in the moment and be resilient in ways I would never have before. And I want to remind you that the great thing is that these skills can be learned. We actually strengthen the muscles for resilience when we exercise them. Remember, what we practice gets stronger. And there's research that shows that we are using different parts of our brain when we improvise and that we are opening neuropathways that we can strengthen to practice. When we think about resilience, we think about the ability to withstand shock or trauma. The word resilience comes from the Latin Reza Lear, which means to rebound or bounce back. But I would like to suggest that as individuals, groups, organizations, and communities, we almost never bounce back to our former state. Rather, through our ability to navigate our experiences. We are changed and ultimately we bounce forward. In all of my work, I always draw a strong connection between the micro and macro. That is, what we can learn to do as an individual will impact our organizations and communities and vice versa. I have seen this over and over again. Now, you might still be wondering what this looks like in practice. So I'm actually going to walk my talk here and I'm going to step into the unknown. So I have a hat. And inside this hot there were a bunch of words that I've had friends and colleagues right for me and I really don't know what I'm going to pick. And I'm going to tell you a story about resilience. And I'm going to pick these words and incorporate them into my store it. So one day a group of people were walking down the street and they were realizing that they really had to use their discernment to decide where to go. And lo and behold, along on the other side of the street was a whole other entourage. And they said, Oh my God, There's us and there's that maybe if we joined together, we can really do well with this resilience thing. And the other group of people said, you know what, we want to stop for some cheese. And we thought, oh my God, what a wonderful idea because breaking bread with people is an incredible way to build bridges. And lo and behold, in front of the cheese shop, there was a person playing the xylophone. And before you know what, we had food and we had music. And suddenly our worries, we're sort of starting to fall away. And we had hope because we knew that whatever we went through, if we stay together, that we would get through it. And all of a sudden, 10 at the end of the street we heard pigs. And we realized that it wasn't just humans who are feeling vulnerable. The animals were two in the pigs, wanted in on the cheese and the music. So we said Come on over pigs. And we thought, you know, this is not our only shot. We are learning how to do this. And we're going to build forward together. In the waiter in the cheese shop came over and said, You people have been here a long time. Is there anything else I can get you? And we said we have been here a very long time because it's been so long, so we'd be together. And there we were playing all night long and realizing that it was through connection, that we were going to find our way through. My hat is empty. So I survived. I learned, I worked my creative use everything muscle and I feel stronger for it. Now I know you're probably thinking that a story is different than surviving a flood or becoming a refugee. Well, you're right. It is. But if you have to learn to turn some rooms into a boat or adapt to a new environment, or be stuck in your house for a year without your usual resources, your strengthen muscles. Adapting, creating, and being resilient will serve you well. Now here's what I want you to know. We are all improvising every day. None of us gets up with a script. And if we do, we realize pretty quickly we have to throw it out the window. Uncertainty is actually always with us. We can't control the events around us, but we can learn to respond to stress and uncertainty with surprising capacity and resilience. Trust me, what I lie to you. All right. Thank you so much, Barbara. And thank you all panelists. We just had a great series of talks about resilience. So one of the things we really like to do at the Taggard series is make sure you all have some time to ask questions and engage with this great group. So we get all the panelists to turn their cameras back on and join us here on the virtual stage. Let's again Max. Jeremy, lecture. Jolla. Thank you Joe. So we want to go around and we have a whole series of questions again. Thank you all for that. It was a great series of talks and really highlights the strength the PSU has broadly in this concept of resilience. So I just want to kind of start going down the question. You're not actually, I might, I'll start with this first one. And it's really for the question Is, it says for someone who wishes to enter the public sector, how does one integrate indigenous peoples into the discussion? Omega, let any of you sort of begin to address that. If it speaks to you. I'll speak to at first grade book Langton. I think integrating indigenous knowledge and indigenous voices into the public sector is critical. And I think one of the most difficult parts of it is lack of land, recognition and those connections. So in the public sector, I think education and awareness among those serving in it, related to indigenous folks and their connections and affiliations to those areas can cultivate relationships and really help grow those connections which at times feel severed and feel that folks are not taking them into account. So just my $0.02. Yeah. Anybody else have any thoughts on? The last thing I'll say is knowledge of restorative justice, as Joseph mentioned in her talk, would be critical in that type of understanding and taking into account how a power dynamics and the historical circumstances have created the situation that we're in. And recognize that being disenfranchised with the public sector is most likely a symptom of settler colonialism. And something in the public sector people need to overcome. It. Excellent. Point back to me. Okay. Well, thank you. Let's go down the list here. Sorry, I'm looking at my Google Doc again for those in the audience who are still joining us, please, this is a great chance to ask some really awesome experts on any question that may come to mind. So pop up another question. Um, to, to, to, to, and I'll just, I'll just move around and ask each one. Next one is up as for Jeremy, Jeremy giving what you just shared by your work in Nepal. How, how, as folks here in the United States, do we think about giving to aid organizations post-disaster? I think you had made some comments about the sort of linkage in dependency, about sort of agency versus sort of X tells or. So this is a critical question that is relevant these days. Folks know that media attention is typically during the relief phase of disaster, which is the immediate aftermath, which actually is the most well-funded if any area of the disaster cycle is it would be the relief phase. And so my advice from our work is that recovery is a long haul. And if funds can be given to programs that are more informed over a longer scale of time and how much recovery really means not just returning health and safety, but getting your life back on track. And as Barbara referred to as Jolla, referred to, resilience could mean transformative change. It's very, very difficult to think that bouncing back to the same places, what would happen in that scenario? I do want to say though, that aid is necessary in these catastrophic circumstances. And it's, I don't mean to start a conversation on how we should just throw the baby out with the bathwater, with all external aid or government interventions. Those are important. Everyone needs help when these things happen, they're very difficult to plan around. But those interventions are rarely informed and often are parachuting in without knowing circumstances, local contexts where I work. A great example would be that the government gave everyone the same amount of money to rebuild their house. But in Nepal, which is sandwiched between India and China, it costs a lot more money to build a house the higher you live up the mountains. So those folks actually only add funds to build very small houses compared to folks that were in Katmandu Valley. That would just be a very small fact that could have been useful. In addition, we found that the definitions of vulnerability are trying to understand what resilience means differs in the aid community. And those eight folks in the community often are responding to donors that are not in the situation itself. So that could be donors coming from abroad who want a different outcome than what people want on the ground. So I'm talking about communication, I'm talking about awareness raising. I'm talking about needs assessments that are informed before these things happen so that we have better roadmaps on how to respond. There needs to be a combination of really well reasoned thinking and planning with Swift decision-making and adaptation like we're talking about today. Thank you so much for that answer came. Next step, I have question for Max. Max folks who are really interested in and not get the name right, but the fire resilient community you're talking about. And folks who are just really wondering what the origin story of that community. And so, you know, and maybe how that came to be and what you can cherubs. Yeah. Well, the origins story behind their community, as you know, it's it's on Ben's west side. It was a property that was owned by a family, I think for the last 6070 years or so. And who acquired it from another actually from, I think a timber company in the 19 forties or fifties. And so they've lived in and experienced bends west side for for generations. And if you know, if you've spent time in band or if you know, the geography of bend the west side is is sandwiched up against the dish shoots national forest. And so the likelihood of fire coming out of the forest is, is greatest in the West side abandoned. So in order to in order for the city of band to allow for the development of that property. After the family had chosen to move it into a different use, they had to think differently. And so that's where it came from. One of the things that I do want to point out about it, though, as I mentioned in my talk, the two examples I gave in Oregon or are very different examples and and core to that is, is that the tree farm community, the lots there, they sold for a lot of money. So these, this is, they are, it is a privileged community and place and is not likely to be recreated in that same way in many other places. And so the question is, what can we learn from it? What are the lessons that we can learn from about the processes that were engaged to, to create the community or the development that happened at the tree farm. What about the design standards? That the architectural standards, how about the local Coordination with the City of Bend? That that can be adapted to other places that maybe have different means. And that the other thing I was thinking if I can just for a moment, just thinking about the question you're asked to Jeremy about aid is completely agree with Jeremy and it's the same. We see the same thing here with fire. The relief effort is, is well-funded. People pour out their pocketbooks and in the weeks and months, September fires. But the experience that those communities like in the sand am canyon down in Southern Oregon with what we've seen up in North Central Washington, in the classroom, est, et cetera. This is going to be a year's long process of recovery. And we need to think about how as a community, as a, as a broader society we support that. That's a great observation point, Max, thank you so much. Next up, I have a question for Joe La Jolla, when you stated the concept about not using labels vulnerable versus resign or some other label. I wanted to know how someone working with the general public. Can balance use of detrimental labels versus the growing amount of political identities. Blm, LGBTQ, and the deconstruction of the gender binary? That's a tough question. Yes it is. Yeah. Typically if we go back to the issue of labels, the reason I mentioned not an evil people is that every individual, whether you reach a boy, we are vulnerable in one area or resilient in one area. But then once you begin to put the word vulnerable on particular groups of people, you already have all this assumption about they have, what do you think they can do and down what is self hides a lot of the historical injustices behind why people are vulnerable. And so I tend to look at the process that has led to the vulnerability and then define or at least acknowledge the marginality. So I tend to use what marginalized groups or low-income groups. So it begins to draw attention to what is the process and what is the E Street rather than just this, is this person. Same with the resilience issues, right? There are places where I've seen people back home desistance and reboot again. What it wants is that using the word resilience to describe them, what you realize is that the same dominant structure and system and ways of Buton series is what is then reinforce after disaster. And then the expectation is that is people who just get on with their life. And when it does that, it will move. And so we don't reach, Hey, we don't change our mind once we label them as either way, they will become an important is, the important issue is how do we reviewed in ways that allows people not to be vulnerable conditions in the hospice for that will issue the second dimentions your question in terms of the political identities, there are some things around how some of this political identity, black like matter or LGBTQ, those identities sometimes have political weights and has been used to negotiate different as a platform with different people coming together to negotiate different processes, sheets, different opportunities. And it's what, and so it depends on what the liberal is. And if the people within that group choose to be within valuable, I know many people do not like to be described as vulnerable. And some people may call themselves resilience. What if you think about the negative side auxin and they would also be not like it. When people would like to say yes, black like mad. And I'm one of those people who want to be in that group as a Black Lives Matter. And so because there is a political currency to using those types of definitions and characteristics to, to, to come together to advocate for change. Result. When I say not use level, there are specific labels and descriptors that are important because of the currency they carry politically. And there are others that just to recall injustices, Once we need to discount, it seemed like a great answer to a difficult question. Tell a bank if you have a question, he's short questions here for fletcher. Well, the first was really pragmatic question, which was, how long did it take to plan and carry out the exercise? You describe it, how many people actually participate in that. And if you could just speak to that when we drop that in the chat. Yeah. Yeah. So I think there's like five or six months and about 40 people participated from a different parts of the city across. Because two full days. So it was a pretty intensive amount of time people gave. And yeah, it was a collaborative project that was like planned with a few of the people that we then implement this with. So we've planned it with the bureau planning sustainability, Bureau of environmental services, and Portland Bureau of Emergency Management. And we actually had one of Jeremy students was one of the core people that made it happen. Anthropology student who is at the center of it, help and helping to turn all the system and at the core of our value proposition of my knowledge, serve the city. Yeah, and that there's a follow-up question. People are kinda just curious if this is the start. I worked at the Institute for sustainable solutions does today. What is its role, both the PSU and brokering these sorts of relationships with the city. Yeah. So a good question. Yeah. Like we we have like a vision of a sustainable and adjust region. A lot of our work is grounded in this place. And we are really focused on how we bringing people together, bring faculty, students and community partners together to go after the systemic change that's necessary to get there. So that's a big, a big thing that we really work on is how do we get to the heart of what's really holding us back? And what's holding us back from having the right conversations, from pushing these things forward. And and a big part of that is also like having a commitments as some of these issues over time. I mean, we've been working on we're still working on that resilient Portland projects hype where I'm working with Joe, Max and Jeremy on different elements of it too. Like, how do we create? We're looking to create these long-term trajectories of work. Because as we press IT issues we better understand those conflicts which are light, are usually routed. And a lot of a lot of complex factors that aren't easily seen up top. And we can start working on those. And we can start doing our best to pull the ones down that don't don't serve us anymore. But we really can't find them unless we're pressing up these across time. And that were stable partners in this work who it's not episodic, it's it's really a long-term effort on yeah. That's great. Keep up the good work, fletcher. Alright. I have a question for Barbara. Barbara the audience member, ask, what about power? What role does it play in resilience, improv, and relationships? Power is present all the time. I mean, it's one of my core areas, research and interest and in fact, power and status as a core improvisational principle. So you can change an entire scene by just changing who has power in how people are playing particular stories. But in real life, power is always present. And our ability to access resources will have something to do with whether we can get training or whether we can actually practice these skills. How stressed we are if we're working five jobs, we're not going to be practicing these skills at the same time, right? Learning to develop these skills can be available to everyone. And it's something that we always have to look at is whereas power, both on the structural level and the individual level. Whether it's individual hierarchy. One of the ways that actually the, the Climate Center that I work with, the Global Climate Center has used these methods is because, for example, people with lower power or status or reluctant to speak up with higher government officials or community leaders. And they use these methods to actually train people to use their status differently, whether it's body language or how they speak. And they're able to actually articulate what they need in different ways. Because lots of times as we probably all know, it's people who don't necessarily have the title or the rank who have more knowledge, more ability to impact situations. So this would be one example of actually how working with Power through improvisational methods can completely change the landscape and an, a real life story. Right? Thank you for that answer, Barbara, Appreciate it. Another question for Max. Max in 2017 and 2020, and we saw fires come into the edges of the metro area, but they didn't get particularly close to downtown. What do you think the chances are that urban forests of downtown Portland could catch fire in the future given the drying effects of climate change? It's good question. I think maybe we're talking about Forest Park here or or other similar features important in like that. I think this September shows us that that we got pretty lucky that we actually didn't have an ignition in Forest Park or in other natural areas like that, either on the west side or east side of town. You know, what we've seen from other places across the western and other communities. I mean, like I said in my talk, we haven't seen this kind of fire that we experience this fall to the extent that we've seen it since the 1930s to fifties when, when repeatedly every few years, but tell him Look, forest, burned and burn different areas of it on a massive scale. So the likelihood that we'll see those kinds of things happening more often as possible. With an increased warming, with the extension of the fire season into the shoulders where it's more likely to interact with with those conditions that bring the extreme winds we saw. Those winds are pretty rare during the summer, but as you get into the shoulder seasons, they get more common. And then the other thing I was thinking about is, is just that when we look at other urban fires that we've seen across the Western US is often what happens is you have a wildfire that starts, but it becomes an urban fire. And so, uh, you'll see pictures. I mean, you don't have to Google vary far to look at photos of Paradise or, or other communities in Washington and California and Colorado and elsewhere where the transmission of the fire was not in the fuels of the landscape or the yards or the trees around it, but it was from home to home. So the homes became the fuel. If you get into a situation like that, That's where an ignition that starts in Forest Park or in Mount Taylor or something like that, suddenly becomes a conflagration as it as it starts to move into the, into the built environment and the homes become the fuel. And that's a scary prospect. Very scary. Thank you, Max. Yeah. Alright. Maybe a follow-up to Fletcher. Fletcher, could you comment on how well evacuation routes are maps for different parts of the metro area, for different types of disasters. And maybe how this information gets relayed to populations in either different parts of the city or maybe in Max around fire to the region. Actually we're working with the city right now and updating our natural hazard mitigation plan, which we'll look at some of this. There's definitely like if you remember the map that I showed, those like orange lines represented at least. Those are where pee bottle clear first and will be the routes that you can get out of the town first. I mean, the short answer is I don't think I know there's plans. I don't know if they're widely communicated. There's things called nets, which are neighborhood emergency teams, which are this amazing network of people throughout the city of Portland. Maybe some people here are nets on that kind of show up during disasters and help get information out. They also, I know have some programming that's proactive to, to get people thinking about some of these issues. I know when I think about something like an earthquake though 9 earthquake, it's, it's almost kinda hard to imagine. Like what, what would happen. I mean, you can imagine it, but the impact is so extraordinary that I'm sure there's, there's thoughts about how people should get out, but I also think it's almost impossible to fully plan for that on. But I do know if you look at like the major arterials within our city that P bought would clear which are on that map. Those are going to be the ones to like to go for first. They're going to definitely look to get connections and i5 as well. If you have like a subduction zone earthquake, the interstates going to be a major priority. I'll also so they're looking for kind of the city roads that could feed into that an interstate. I do know Burnside there's a major project on Burnside as we think about making sure that bridge can stay up during an earthquake. So I believe the telecom is the one that actually has seismic rating that could withstand the sides that respect we're talking about. But you can actually see some banners on Burnside right now that talked about that projects on I forgot what it's called, something like the future Burnside, but it's about creating that arterial so that people have more ways to move through the city. The other kinda fascinating thing too is, I know one of our, I believe it was a merch, class. Masses of Urban and Regional Planning. Did some planning in neighborhoods around like how bikes could be utilized in the disaster. Which I think is a really interesting idea as well. Because if you, if you think about a major disaster, like it's going to be hard for cars to move, but it's going to be easier for people to get through those areas. So you think about things like like well, yeah. So Woodbridge the right would also thank you, John. Visit was just retrofitted. But if you think about things like e bikes are really interesting strategy for transportation during disaster. Because you can probably go further or further spaces but are more nimble. One of the things that question, but yeah, that was great. Thank you, Fletcher. Appreciate it. Well, so you will take a few more questions tonight for we let everyone go. Barbara, I love your concept of improv. I worked as a bartender server for a decade and it truly has saved me so much inside and outside of work. But that being said, how can someone advocate for city planning for less appreciated academic studies and especially specifically the arts, pushing for their availability and less served communities. Well, it's a wonderful question and one of the things that's really valuable about this modality is you don't need any resources to do it. I've played activities and games with people in fields and under trees and you know, it, it's, it's, you need is people in the will and the desire in time, right? In terms of how people use these methods, right? One of the things that we find more and more and more is that improvisation is built on a mindset of ensemble and supporting one another. And if we lived in a world only where that was our priority, where we actually made sure that we had each other's backs and that we thought about the collective more than we thought about the individual. That has all this are already going to be light years ahead of a lot of what's going on out there. And in the organizations that I work with, It's hard to explain how transform they are. I work with people who are working at the White House and people cores setting policy decisions and in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia and Latin America. And their ability to work with their communities is transformed because they're learning different ways to connect and be agile. So it's, it's the activity that I did. You could do at home with people, have the right words on a piece of paper and practice. It's just, it's a skill and it seems trivial, but it's actually not. Our brains become rewired. And the ability to pivot when real circumstances arise is greatly enhanced. Great response. Thank you, Barbara. With a series of questions about PSUs, emergency management and community resilience Certificate Program. Since we had the director here and we can drop all that information in the chat box too, if we haven't already. Maybe Jeremy, you could tell little more about that program and how people can get involved. Is it too late to apply, et cetera. Thanks for asking time. Portland State is so excited to announce the new emergency management and community resilience master's program, graduate certificate, as well as non-degree professional certificate. So there's three new programs that Portland State is now embarking on to respond to this social and environmental moment that we're in. The application for the certificate, the Graduate Certificate and Masters degree are open until May 31st. This is our first cohort that we'll be putting together. That cohort consists both of masters students as well as graduate certificate students. A little bit more about our program. The goal of our program as President, he said at the beginning of this talk is to respond to what is going on now around us. And at one time we all felt it was the Cascadia quake and we needed to respond to that. And since then we've all experienced the public health emergency and the wildfires that have hit us in this region and have realized that this is going to happen more and more, especially as we see climate change induced hazards happen to us, like flooding, likely we learned tonight, and how much damage that that can cause. So our program brought together some of the brightest minds at Portland State, conducting research and all different aspects of the hazard in disaster management. And we will connect with the practitioner community. So the goal is that our students get an interdisciplinary education from six different disciplines, which will be part of the core of both the master's and certificate. And from there they'll also need practitioners in the community doing these jobs in this emerging field as it happens, so that folks can jump-start their careers into this field. We expect our students to both be folks who are graduating now, folks that feel they have more professionalization in this field that they would like to get. Or folks that are returning from being out of school for a while, but would like to get involved in this timely and relevant field as it's happening. So we're really excited to have our first cohort this fall. And from then ongoing will have an annual cycle of admissions ending May 31st every year, both for the certificate and the master's program. Some of your faculty in the emergency management community resilience program are part of this speaker series tonight. And also there are many faculty at Portland State who do research under this umbrella. And you'll be hearing more and more about the resilience work, especially how Portland State is positioning itself to help us recover from COVID and our next steps and beyond. Please check out our websites. They've been posted in the chat, both for the master's program and the graduate degree. And pleased on, do not hesitate to reach out to me with any questions on the program. I'll put my name in the chat as well. Thank you. And I think Jeremy had someone else set of maybe Fletcher, I mean, I think is a great example of PSU's motto, Let knowledge serve the city. In terms of sort of how we create educational programs that really sort of feed and give back to the community. So this is a great, exciting program. Absolutely. We're trying to focus some of our greatest strengths that Portland State and have those strengths be articulated in the community and really relevant ways. And at Portland State serve locally, regionally, nationally and internationally eventually with this program. Thanks for me while I'm mindful of time. So I have to kinda find a more general questions. I want to posting anyone on the panel or all of you that may want to answer. So let's let's skip to those, which is, one question was, how do we strengthen a sense of community sharing and collaboration in a culture that highly values individualism. Who wants to go first? I can give it a shot. I think that's a very important question. And I think COVID as reinforce the idea that the social side of things, the community side of things is far more important than the dwell approach that is very much oriented and Western philosophy quite frankly, in other societies, people to not necessarily reinforce the idea of a dualism, the idea of unity in African communities, indigenous communities. This is what you see. But of course, because of colonial legacies and ideas, some of this in St. Lucia and as also feuds adding too many communities, including African, Asian communities. What we've seen in this context, particularly with COVID, we're realizing that those social, just being with people in the presence of a sharing needles talking to people who are in people is far more important. Now we've often thought about in that data often celebrated. And I think one of the things that we might begin to do thinking going into the future is to find ways to actually not only incentivize this idea of community building two different things, but I'll also be worn in it. So encouraged, encouraging our children, for instance, rewarding them when they walk with groups, when we walk in small groups and when to play with friends. But also even within a universe, the system when people come together to grant proposal, write papers, whatever, those things should be rewarded and far more celebrated than the traditional, which is a job paper. Is it your book or whatever? And let's say not to celebrate individualism at all. I'm just saying that reinforced in things that makes people, that incentivizes people to walk together, just like this panel is doing. Well, all come in at the issue of resilient from multiple perspective. And we're all in between one analyst knowledge. And I think this is where the future it needs to go. And even when we're thinking about climate change, we cannot do this from an individual perspective, not single discipline kind of resolve the problem, climate change. We need to begin to reinforce those strategies. Those with a building teamwork, those with a building community and local level at is suddenly at a national level and at a global level. So thank you for asking that question. I think it's an important issue that we need to think about and to find ways to incentivize. And wanted to add to that Jolla, that was a great answer and it's, it's both practice and value and it's also a mindset, right? Is that what is our mindset? Do I have a mindset that I am looking at, how I'm going to take care of you? Or do I have a mindset of how I'm going to take care of me As a society. We are not going to do okay, if we're only thinking about ourselves. More ability to network, our ability to support each other during a disaster, ability to build community or ability to actually have communication channels or ability to endure these stresses. I mean, we can see, right, as you've said, that sense of isolation and disconnection that people are feeling because of COVID is absolutely highlighting this need for a mindset shift. And even though we're an individualistic society, I mean, one of the reasons I felt so in love with improvisation is that, that is the mindset that I know when I get on stage. The other people there are there to take care of me. They know that I'm there to take care of them. And that is the world I want to live in it. And I think it is possible is also like there's no other way. Like we, we have, like it's so stunning how big the problems are getting right? And, and our ability to publish more papers in a hyper specific journal is not helping book. And I love jaws response two of you got it changed the way that the game pays us. Like, it's not just an academia, but everywhere. I mean, I think especially in like if we're talking about the US context, It's, it's really reinforced by a lot of systems here to, to push out on your own. I always remember this quote from this one. So there's like women's leadership thing couple of years back. And this woman at one said, I define success not by how far ahead I am, but by how many people came with me. And, but that's not how we define success, right? And how, for the most part and like. And it's like it's being able to actually give people like the space in their life to invest in relationships and not just fit relationships in an extractive way. But that's like it's, it's, you know, it's a thing that we have to really work on, but everything that we've talked about today comes back to that. I mean, you talk about earthquakes in Nepal. You talk to the work that Joe is doing Manila. You've talked about improvisation, talk about fires, like it all comes to back, back to like how we work together better towards these collective outcomes. They're not going to get solved unless we do that. And so I think it's a fantastic question because it is the work that is the work ahead. Yeah. Yeah. If I if I could just add one more thing on the subject, is, I think personally as a species were born to be collaborative and to work in communities. And that's our nature. And, and we've created these systems and cultures that have sort of reinforce the value of individualism. But, but I think, you know, I was, Fletcher just said about developing the spaces that invest in building relationships. And we see that, I mean, in my field in and thinking around wildfire and communities. We see that in these community fire organizations that are, that are being sprouting up all over the place, that are just bringing people together. It's a place of convening around the issue of fire. And it brings people together from experts and professionals from the Forest Service and the BLM and the state, but also residents and ranchers and farmers in, you know, multi-generational folks who've lived in the community for a long time. And it's putting them on an equal playing field in the community to say, Hey, okay, What's the problem here? And how do we come together to solve it? And, and I think in my experience, we've seen that with the Oregon plan for salmon watersheds, where we built watershed councils as a place to bring people together on the same idea. And, and I think, you know, whatever. I mean, not that it's a panacea for for everything. But it starts there, right? It starts with those relationships and there's no playbook when you start there, right? When you get all these people together from different interests, different perspectives. There's no playbook, It's all improvisation, right? You have to figure out how to do it together. Yeah. I just want to add to that, I completely agree with everyone's saying that in order to have that equal playing field that we're talking about to create community, we need to recognize power and we need to recognize that some folks, it's a privilege to participate in community sometimes or certain forms of community. We have an unbelievable participation and emergency preparedness in Portland, but it's not equal across our population and demographics at all. And we need to think about who is involved in our communities and maybe take steps in order to make things more equitable. Because waiting at the tables not going to work either. Had going through disaster situations has been shown to create communities of circumstance. Folks that never had anything in common together might have something in common at that moment. And we can cultivate that moment through more awareness and understanding, I think, which would help us to work together more later by showing us an example of how to do it, which I don't think we exactly know yet. Those are, those are great answers. And I want to be mindful of time. And I think that's gonna be our last question for tonight. But I also I I have to take a moment to just say I'm reflecting on all of your answers. Again, as for amazing faculty in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, the home of intersectionality and interdisciplinarity as we think about putting those arts and sciences approach together. And so it gives me a lot of hope for the future to know that we have now these faculty that many more who are committed to making sure we do our job in higher education, which is insert the next generation of graduates, graduate with these skills and these knowledges and these competencies. That's a major, major task and a huge gift that we give the, the city and the region. So thank you all for doing with that. I just want to say thank you all who participated. Thanks once again for our panelist was another great Tegrity series on resilience. I hope you all had a chance to learn about what we're doing here at PSU and learn more about this topic. And we will have another one of these hopefully coming up in spring. With that, I hope you all have a very safe tonight and hopefully you're already home so you don't have to drive home safely. But that you are staying warm and safe and healthy. And I hope to see you again soon. All right. Thank you. Thank you, everybody. It's barely hear you. Thank you. Thank you, everyone. Thank you for that.