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Subjects

gender, patriarchy, envy, oppression, misogyny, masculinity, feminimity, hegemony, conformity, homophobia, machismo, gender roles, emotion, prejudice, transphobia

Abstract

The woman's rights movement has made strong progress over the past years, yet strict attitudes on how men and women should behave persist. Manhood is defined as being the polar opposite to womanhood, as any expression of femininity is treated as a threat to its dominant position within gender hierarchy. Research has shown that while women have managed incorporate traditionally masculine roles into womanhood, the same has yet to be done for manhood — specifically in the case of cisgender and heterosexual men. In fact, societal wide disdain towards the femininities persists despite attempts to challenge the gender hierarchy. This literature review investigates the possible role envy may play in continued disdain towards femininity from cisgender heterosexual men. By comparing academic literature and research on the behavior associated with conformity, envy, misogyny, and homophobia, the goal of this literature review is to determine if there's a possible component in oppression that has yet to be investigated in full.

DOI

10.15760/mcnair.2025.17.1.2

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License.

Persistent Identifier

https://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/43766

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