Sponsor
This study was supported by the C. Gus Glasscock, Jr. Endowed Fund for Excellence in Environmental Sciences in the College of Arts and Sciences at Baylor University, USA.
Published In
Chemical Research in Toxicology
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
10-2022
Subjects
Vaping -- Toxicology, Electronic cigarettes -- Health aspects
Abstract
Vaping devices have risen in popularity since their inception in 2007. The practice involves using a variety of commercially available devices. Internal heating systems in devices aerosolize e-liquid formulations of complex mixtures including an active ingredient (e.g., THC, CBD, and nicotine), diluents (or cutting agents), solvents, and flavoring agents (e.g., terpenes and aldehydes). The vaping toxicology literature consists of cytotoxicity studies of individual chemicals and commercial formulas. Because of the variation of e-liquid composition, there is a limited understanding of the toxicity of ingredient combinations. This study analyzed the cytotoxic effects after exposure to individual and binary mixtures of a representative terpene (+-R-limonene) and diluent (triethyl citrate) on human lung cell models. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of 97:3 and 80:20% v/v (triethyl citrate/limonene) binary mixtures. BEAS-2B cells, a bronchial epithelial cell, and A549 cells, a type II alveolar epithelial cell, served as models for comparison. LC50 values were calculated and isobolograms were used to assess chemical interactions. Results show that limonene was more cytotoxic than triethyl citrate. Isobolographic analyses confirmed that the 97:3% v/v mixture resulted in an antagonistic chemical interaction. The 80:20% v/v mixture resulted in a similar result. Further testing of different ratios of binary mixtures is needed for chemical interaction screening to inform safety assessments.
Rights
© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Locate the Document
DOI
10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00218
Persistent Identifier
https://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/38723
Citation Details
Baldovinos, Y., Archer, A., Salamanca, J., Strongin, R. M., & Sayes, C. M. (2022). Chemical Interactions and Cytotoxicity of Terpene and Diluent Vaping Ingredients. Chemical Research in Toxicology. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00218