Sponsor
This work was funded by National Science Foundation DEB- 1501414 to JP and CR, NSF GRFP DGE-1057604 to CR, NSF IOS- 1354549 to JP, NSF IOS-1256186 to WD, NSF CAREER 1253939 to DW, Research Council of Norway 231260/F20 Mechanisms of anoxic survival to GN, and Florida Atlantic University Foundation grant to SM.
Published In
Frontiers in Genetics
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
7-2018
Subjects
Non-coding RNA, MicroRNA, Anoxemia, Crucian carp, Epaulette shark, Leopard frogs, Western painted turtle
Abstract
Background: Extreme anoxia tolerance requires a metabolic depression whose modulation could involve small non-coding RNAs (small ncRNAs), which are specific, rapid, and reversible regulators of gene expression. A previous study of small ncRNA expression in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus, the most anoxiatolerant vertebrate known, revealed a specific expression pattern of small ncRNAs that could play important roles in anoxia tolerance. Here, we conduct a comparative study on the presence and expression of small ncRNAs in the most anoxia-tolerant representatives of several major vertebrate lineages, to investigate the evolution of and mechanisms supporting extreme anoxia tolerance. The epaulette shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum), crucian carp (Carassius carassius), western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta bellii), and leopard frog (Rana pipiens) were exposed to anoxia and recovery, and small ncRNAs were sequenced from the brain (one of the most anoxia-sensitive tissues) prior to, during, and following exposure to anoxia.
Results: Small ncRNA profiles were broadly conserved among species under normoxic conditions, and these expression patterns were largely conserved during exposure to anoxia. In contrast, differentially expressed genes are mostly unique to each species, suggesting that each species may have evolved distinct small ncRNA expression patterns in response to anoxia. Mitochondria-derived small ncRNAs (mitosRNAs) which have a robust response to anoxia in A. limnaeus embryos, were identified in the other anoxia tolerant vertebrates here but did not display a similarly robust response to anoxia.
Conclusion: These findings support an overall stabilization of the small ncRNA transcriptome during exposure to anoxic insults, but also suggest that multiple small ncRNA expression pathways may support anoxia tolerance, as no conserved small ncRNA response was identified among the anoxia-tolerant vertebrates studied. This may reflect divergent strategies to achieve the same endpoint: anoxia tolerance. However, it may also indicate that there are multiple cellular pathways that can trigger the same cellular and physiological survival processes, including hypometabolism.
DOI
10.3389/fgene.2018.00230
Persistent Identifier
https://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/26452
Citation Details
Riggs, Claire L., Amanda Summers, Daniel E. Warren, Göran E. Nilsson, Sjannie Lefevre, W. Dowd, Sarah Milton, and Jason E. Podrabsky. "Small Noncoding RNA Expression and Vertebrate Anoxia Tolerance." Frontiers in Genetics 9 (2018): 230.
Description
Originally appeared in Frontiers in Genetics, volume 9. article 230, published by Frontiers Media. May be found at https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2018.00230.
Copyright © 2018 Riggs, Summers, Warren, Nilsson, Lefevre, Dowd, Milton and Podrabsky. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.