Sponsor
This work was supported by the Academy of Finland, European Research Council Starting Grant, and the Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation and start-up funds to K.H.B from Portland State University.
Published In
Scientific Reports
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
7-2018
Subjects
Dogs -- Genetics, Genomics, Genomes
Abstract
Dogs are excellent animal models for human disease. They have extensive veterinary histories, pedigrees, and a unique genetic system due to breeding practices. Despite these advantages, one factor limiting their usefulness is the canine genome reference (CGR) which was assembled using a single purebred Boxer. Although a common practice, this results in many high-quality reads remaining unmapped. To address this whole-genome sequence data from three breeds, Border Collie (n = 26), Bearded Collie (n = 7), and Entlebucher Sennenhund (n = 8), were analyzed to identify novel, non- CGR genomic contigs using the previously validated pseudo-de novo assembly pipeline. We identified 256,957 novel contigs and paired-end relationships together with BLAT scores provided 126,555 (49%) high-quality contigs with genomic coordinates containing 4.6 Mb of novel sequence absent from the CGR. These contigs close 12,503 known gaps, including 2.4 Mb containing partially missing sequences for 11.5% of Ensembl, 16.4% of RefSeq and 12.2% of canFam3.1+ CGR annotated genes and 1,748 unmapped contigs containing 2,366 novel gene variants. Examples for six disease-associated genes (SCARF2, RD3, COL9A3, FAM161A, RASGRP1 and DLX6) containing gaps or alternate splice variants missing from the CGR are also presented. These findings from non-reference breeds support the need for improvement of the current Boxer-only CGR to avoid missing important biological information. The inclusion of the missing gene sequences into the CGR will facilitate identification of putative disease mutations across diverse breeds and phenotypes.
Locate the Document
DOI
10.1038/s41598-018-29190-3
Persistent Identifier
https://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/26154
Citation Details
Holden, L. A., Arumilli, M., Hytönen, M. K., Hundi, S., Salojärvi, J., Brown, K. H., & Lohi, H. (2018). Assembly and Analysis of Unmapped Genome Sequence Reads Reveal Novel Sequence and Variation in Dogs. Scientific reports, 8(1), 10862.
Description
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Copyright (2018) the Author(s)
The data that supports this article is available in PDXScholar and can be found here: https://doi.org/10.15760/data.3