Published In
Forest Ecology and Management
Document Type
Post-Print
Publication Date
6-2020
Subjects
Forest management -- Environmental aspects, Forests and forestry
Abstract
Despite a critical need to evaluate effectiveness of forest treatments in improving stand health, practitioners lack quantitative, repeatable metrics to assess tree vigor and stand health. We evaluated canopy and whole tree attributes of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. Ex Laws) related to carbon balance, water balance, and susceptibility to insects and pathogens in dry, pine-dominated forest stands during a multi-year drought, an environmental challenge to stand resilience. Metrics of trees in two unmanaged, and seven treated forested stands, in both uplands and lowlands to develop the quantitative approach. Whole tree and crown attributes including needle length and color, branchlet length and diameter, needle retention (needle ages and retention within ages), and frequency of insects, fungi, and abiotic needle damage were statistically selected to assess tree vigor. Cluster analysis of vigor attributes revealed that trees responded or persisted independently within a forest treatment; forest treatments did not necessarily yield similar tree responses within a stand. A rapid, qualitative assessment was developed to rank trees as low, average, and above-average vigor. To demonstrate an application of our approach, trees were ranked annually over six years in most stands, as well as in a stand where the prescription was adjusted due to the evaluation. The proportion of trees in the three tree vigor ranks differed, suggesting differing levels of stand health. Quantitative metrics and qualitative ranking of tree vigor could assist in selecting trees to be retained to meet specific management objectives, to evaluate treatment implementation, and to monitor post-treatment changes in stand health.
Rights
© 2020 published by Elsevier.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Locate the Document
DOI
10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118085
Persistent Identifier
https://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/32832
Citation Details
Published as: Grulke, N., Bienz, C., Hrinkevich, K., Maxfield, J., & Uyeda, K. (2020). Quantitative and qualitative approaches to assess tree vigor and stand health in dry pine forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 465, 118085.
Description
This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Forest Ecology and Management. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Forest Ecology and Management, 465, 118085.