Sponsor
The Boiling Springs Lake Microbial Observatory project is supported by the National Science Foundation grant MCB0702020. Samples were acquired with a research permit from the National Park Service (LAVO-2008-SCI-0030). Metagenomic sequencing was funded in part by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through a grant to the Broad Institute. Samples GAIR4 and GNX3R were sequenced at the Broad Institute.
Published In
Biology Direct
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
6-11-2012
Subjects
Viruses -- Evolution, Viral genomes, Viruses -- Genome mapping, Recombinant DNA, Thermophilic microorganisms
Abstract
Background: Viruses are known to be the most abundant organisms on earth, yet little is known about their collective origin and evolutionary history. With exceptionally high rates of genetic mutation and mosaicism, it is not currently possible to resolve deep evolutionary histories of the known major virus groups. Metagenomics offers a potential means of establishing a more comprehensive view of viral evolution as vast amounts of new sequence data becomes available for comparative analysis.
Results: Bioinformatic analysis of viral metagenomic sequences derived from a hot, acidic lake revealed a circular, putatively single-stranded DNA virus encoding a major capsid protein similar to those found only in single-stranded RNA viruses. The presence and circular configuration of the complete virus genome was confirmed by inverse PCR amplification from native DNA extracted from lake sediment. The virus genome appears to be the result of a RNA-DNA recombination event between two ostensibly unrelated virus groups. Environmental sequence databases were examined for homologous genes arranged in similar configurations and three similar putative virus genomes from marine environments were identified. This result indicates the existence of a widespread but previously undetected group of viruses.
Conclusions: This unique viral genome carries implications for theories of virus emergence and evolution, as no mechanism for interviral RNA-DNA recombination has yet been identified, and only scant evidence exists that genetic exchange occurs between such distinct virus lineages.
Reviewers: This article was reviewed by EK, MK (nominated by PF) and AM. For the full reviews, please go to the Reviewers' comments section.
DOI
10.1186/1745-6150-7-13
Persistent Identifier
http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/9529
Citation Details
Diemer, G.S, and Stedman, K.M. A novel virus genome discovered in an extreme environment suggests recombination between unrelated groups of RNA and DNA viruses, Biology Direct 2012, 7:13. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-7-13
Description
Kenneth Stedman and Geoffrey Deimer are winners of the Seventh annual BioMed Central Research award for this article.
© 2012 Diemer and Stedman; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.