Published In

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2011

Subjects

Vehicle fleets, Optimization, Integer programming model, Incentives

Abstract

This paper focuses on the economic and environmental optimization of decisions about vehicle replacement from a fleet manager's perspective. An integer programming vehicle replacement model is used to evaluate environmental and policy issues such as greenhouse gas (GHG) taxes and fiscal incentives for purchasing electric vehicles (EVs). This research also analyzes the impacts of utilization (mileage per year per vehicle) and gasoline prices on vehicle-purchasing decisions. Energy and emissions reductions for a variety of scenarios using real-world data in the United States are presented as well as break-even points at which EVs are competitive. Findings include the following: (a) fuel-efficient vehicles such as hybrids and EVs are purchased only in scenarios with high gasoline prices or high utilization, (b) current European carbon dioxide cap-and-trade emissions price (around $18.70/ton) does not significantly alter fleet management decisions, and (c) incentives for using EVs (i.e., tax credits) increase the rate of purchase of hybrid and electric vehicles in scenarios with high gasoline prices and high vehicle utilization. This research indicates that the proposed model can be used effectively to inform environmental and fiscal policies on vehicle regulations, tax incentives, and GHG emissions.

Rights

Copyright, National Academy of Sciences. Posted with permission of the Transportation Research Board. None of this material may be presented to imply endorsement by TRB of a product, method, practice, or policy.

DOI

10.3141/2252-01

Persistent Identifier

http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/20805

Download

Share

COinS