Published In
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
Document Type
Post-Print
Publication Date
2-25-2021
Subjects
COVID-19 (Disease ) -- Economic aspects -- United States, Electronic commerce -- Social aspects, Delivery of goods, Equity, Social Justice
Abstract
During the COVID-19 lockdowns, home deliveries have changed from being a desirable luxury or comfortable solution to a health-supporting and essential service for many COVID-19 at-risk populations. However, not all households are equal in terms of access to home deliveries. The onset of COVID-19 has brought to light access inequalities that preceded the pandemic and that the COVID-19 lockdown has exacerbated and made visible. The concept of home-based accessibility (HBA) is introduced, and novel research questions are addressed: (i) What type of households had zero home deliveries before COVID-19 lockdown? (ii) How the COVID-19 lockdown affected the type of households that receive home deliveries? and (iii) What are the implications of no access to home delivery services in terms of equity and environmental justice? To answer the first two questions, exploratory and confirmatory models are estimated utilizing data collected from an online survey representative of the population in the Portland metropolitan region. Policy and environmental equity implications are discussed using the concept of home-based accessibility (HBA). The results indicate that traditionally underserved populations, especially low-income populations, are less likely to benefit from home-based delivery services and that COVID-19 may have worsened home delivery inequalities.
Rights
© Miguel Figliozzi and Avinash Unnikrishnan -
This is the accepted version.
The accepted version has a 2 year embargo expiring 2/25/2023 and is licensed as follows:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic License.
The final published version is available from the publisher in Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, © 2021 Elsevier: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102760
DOI
10.1016/j.trd.2021.102760
Persistent Identifier
https://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/34787
Citation Details
Figliozzi, M.A, Unnikrishnan, A., 2021, Factors Affecting Home Deliveries Before and During COVID-19 Lockdown: Accessibility, Environmental Justice, Equity, and Policy Implications, [Accepted Version] Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment.