Sponsor
The authors thank the National Institutes of Health (EB-04285, MW) and (CA-115531 and RR-02584, ADS), the EMIL Project funded by the EC FP6 Framework Program (FKK, RK and EB) and the Robert A. Welch Foundation (AT-584) for financial support of this work.
Published In
Inorganic Chemistry
Document Type
Post-Print
Publication Date
6-25-2007
Subjects
Rare earth metals -- Magnetic properties, Biomedical materials, Magnetic resonance imaging, Contrast media (Diagnostic imaging), Hydrogen-ion concentration
Abstract
The pH-sensitive contrast agent, GdDOTA-4AmP (Gd1) has been successfully used to map tissue pH by MRI. Further studies now demonstrate that two distinct chemical forms of the complex can be prepared depending upon the pH at which Gd3+ is mixed with ligand 1. The desired pH-sensitive form of this complex, referred to here as a Type II complex, is obtained as the exclusive product only when the complexation reaction is performed above pH 8. At lower pH values, a second complex is formed that, by analogy with an intermediate formed during the preparation of GdDOTA, we tentatively assign to a Type I complex where the Gd3+ is coordinated only by the appended side-chain arms of 1. The proportion of Type I complex formed is largely determined by the pH of the complexation reaction. The magnitude of the pH-dependent change in the relaxivity of Gd1 was found to be less than earlier reported (Zhang, S.; Wu, K.; Sherry, A. D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.1999, 38, 3192), likely due to contamination of the earlier sample by an unknown amount of Type I complex. Examination of the nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion and relaxivity temperature profiles, coupled with information from potentiometric titrations, shows that the amphoteric character of the phosphonate side chains enables rapid prototropic exchange between the single bound water of the complex with the bulk water thereby giving Gd1 a unique pH-dependent relaxivity that is quite useful for the pH mapping of tissues by MRI.
DOI
10.1021/ic0702926
Persistent Identifier
https://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/32568
Citation Details
Kálmán, F. K., Woods, M., Caravan, P., Jurek, P., Spiller, M., Tircsó, G., ... & Sherry, A. D. (2007). Potentiometric and relaxometric properties of a gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent for sensing tissue pH. Inorganic chemistry, 46(13), 5260-5270.
Description
This is the authors' version of a paper that subsequently appeared in Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 46, no. 13: 5260-5270, June 1, 2007. The version of record may be found at https://doi.org/10.1021/ic0702926.
Note: At the time of writing Mark Woods was affiliated with the University of Texas at Dallas.