Sponsor
Funding for this work was provided by internal and external grants from the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (05HQGR0071, 09AP00012, and 11AP201223), the National Science Foundation (0838294), and the Southern California Earthquake Center. SCEC is funded by NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR‐1033462 and USGS Cooperative Agreement G12AC20038. The SCEC contribution for this paper is 7187. Data presented herein are available in the tables and references.
Published In
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
3-2017
Subjects
Paleoseismology -- Holocene, Earthquakes -- California -- San Andreas Fault, Seismology, Fault zones, Fort Tejon Earthquake (1857)
Abstract
Paleoseismic data on the timing of ground-rupturing earthquakes constrain the recurrence behavior of active faults and can provide insight on the rupture history of a fault if earthquakes dated at neighboring sites overlap in age and are considered correlative. This study presents the evidence and ages for 11 earthquakes that occurred along the Big Bend section of the southern San Andreas Fault at the Frazier Mountain paleoseismic site. The most recent earthquake to rupture the site was the Mw7.7–7.9 Fort Tejon earthquake of 1857. We use over 30 trench excavations to document the structural and sedimentological evolution of a small pull-apart basin that has been repeatedly faulted and folded by ground-rupturing earthquakes. A sedimentation rate of 0.4 cm/yr and abundant organic material for radiocarbon dating contribute to a record that is considered complete since 800 A.D. and includes 10 paleoearthquakes. Earthquakes have ruptured this location on average every ~100 years over the last 1200 years, but individual intervals range from ~22 to 186 years. The coefficient of variation of the length of time between earthquakes (0.7) indicates quasiperiodic behavior, similar to other sites along the southern San Andreas Fault. Comparison with the earthquake chronology at neighboring sites along the fault indicates that only one other 1857-size earthquake could have occurred since 1350 A.D., and since 800 A.D., the Big Bend and Mojave sections have ruptured together at most 50% of the time in Mw ≥ 7.3 earthquakes.
DOI
10.1002/ 2016JB013606
Persistent Identifier
http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/20271
Citation Details
Scharer, K., R. Weldon II, G. Biasi, A. Streig, and T. Fumal (2017), Ground-rupturing earthquakes on the northern Big Bend of the San Andreas Fault, California, 800 A.D. to Present, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 122, 2193–2218 doi:10.1002/ 2016JB013606
Description
Accepted for publication in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. Copyright 2017 American Geophysical Union. Further reproduction or electronic distribution is not permitted.