First Advisor

Yu Xiao

Date of Award

Spring 6-12-2026

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in Community, Urban Studies, and Planning and University Honors

Department

Urban Studies and Planning

Language

English

Subjects

Social capital, Informal housing settlement, Slum, Bonding, Bridging, Social cohesion

Abstract

Many cities see growth of informal housing settlements as urban populations rise across the globe. Residents of informal settlements are observed to use robust networks of social capital to support themselves in an environment of resource scarcity and marginalization. This review synthesizes research examining characteristics of social capital in informal housing settlements, finding that (1) social capital influences residents' acquisition of basic needs, (2) the structure of social capital networks depend on the context of the settlement, and (3) the built environment of informal settlements has a cyclical relationship to their social capital networks. This synthesis concludes that formal solutions do not effectively solve problems that arise out of informality. Planners can apply lessons from informal settlements to more effectively support social capital in their own communities. This synthesis offers a foothold for planners and municipalities to understand, appreciate, and cooperate with marginalized communities who use informal systems to survive and thrive.

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