First Advisor

Clair Wheeler, MD, Ph.D

Date of Award

Spring 6-11-2026

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in Public Health Studies: Clinical Health Sciences and University Honors

Department

Community Health

Language

English

Subjects

Gut-Brain Axis, Nutrition, Students, Lifestyle

Abstract

This literature review examines how diet, stress, environmental exposure, and food accessibility may influence college students’ mental health and academic performance through the gut microbiome and the Gut-Brain Axis (GBA). Current microbiome research often focuses on early childhood development, clinical disease populations, or older adults, while overlooking college-age students who experience significant social, environmental, and biological transitions. College students frequently face food insecurity, irregular eating patterns, chronic stress, inconsistent sleep schedules, and reduced access to nutrient-dense foods, all of which may influence microbial diversity and overall gut health.

This thesis explores how modern campus environments and lifestyle factors may contribute to disruptions in the gut microbiome and how these disruptions may influence cognition, stress regulation, emotional well-being, and academic success. Additionally, this review examines the bidirectional relationship between the gut and brain via neural, immune, and endocrine pathways that constitute the Gut-Brain Axis. While current research demonstrates strong associations between gut microbiota composition and mental health outcomes, this thesis emphasizes that the relationship is correlational rather than directly causal. Furthermore, this paper argues that universities should place greater emphasis on access to nutrition, environmental engagement, stress management, and community support systems to better support student well-being.

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