First Advisor

Xiaowei Zhu

Term of Graduation

January 2026

Date of Publication

6-1-2026

Document Type

Thesis

Language

English

Subjects

Direct Numerical Simulation, Dispersion mechanisms, Inertial particles, Preferential concentration, Secondary flows, Urban roughness

Physical Description

1 online resource ( pages)

Abstract

This study employs direct numerical simulation (DNS) to investigate the dispersion of inertial particles in turbulent flow over three-dimensional urban-like roughness at Reτ = 200. Particles with Stokes numbers St = 5, 25, and 100 are tracked over cubic arrays with spanwise spacings Sy from 2h to 32h, where h = δ/8 and δ is the half-channel height, alongside a smooth-wall reference case. The results reveal scale-dependent particle responses characterized by three distinct regimes. First, high-inertia particles (St = 100) align strongly with mean secondary flows, exhibiting organized plumes above roughness elements. Their vertical transport peaks at intermediate spacing (Sy = 8h) due to inertial filtering of turbulent fluctuations. Second, intermediate particles (St = 25) display maximum preferential concentration, with clustering intensity reaching its peak at Sy = 16h. This enhanced clustering is attributed to turbophoretic effects that optimally drive intermediate particles toward the wall. Third, low-inertia particles (St = 5) remain relatively uniformly distributed, responding primarily to small-scale turbulent diffusion. Voronoi analysis quantifies the spatial clustering, confirming that intermediate particles experience the strongest preferential concentration. Spanwise velocity profiles further demonstrate that only high-inertia particles replicate the secondary flow pattern. These findings establish a comprehensive framework linking particle inertia to dominant dispersion mechanisms, providing physical insights for urban air quality management strategies targeting different pollutant size classes.

Rights

In Copyright. URI: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).

Available for download on Saturday, June 26, 2027

Share

COinS