Sponsor
This research was supported by the National Institute on Aging (Fagundes: R01AG062690, RF1AG075946–01A1, Brice: F32AG090098, Argueta: RF1AG075946-A1S1, Wu-Chung: F31AG074648, Paoletti-Hatcher: F32AG079624).
Published In
Psychoneuroendocrinology
Document Type
Post-Print
Publication Date
6-18-2025
Subjects
Dementia -- Caregivers, Older people -- Health Diagnoses
Abstract
Dementia spousal caregivers are at a disproportionate risk for adverse mental and physical health outcomes. Loneliness is associated with depressive symptoms and proinflammatory cytokine production among caregivers. Additionally, childhood trauma, anticipatory grief, and poor sleep quality are all associated with enhanced stress reactivity. This study used a cross-sectional design to investigate whether loneliness is associated with proinflammatory cytokine production and depressive symptoms in caregivers, and whether these relationships are strongest among caregivers who report high levels of childhood trauma, high amounts of anticipatory grief, or poor sleep quality. A sample of 111 dementia spousal caregivers provided blood samples and completed self-report measures of loneliness, childhood trauma, anticipatory grief, depression, and subjective sleep quality. We measured the ex vivo immune cell proinflammatory cytokine response to whole-blood LPS stimulation. Caregivers who reported greater loneliness exhibited elevated LPS-stimulated proinflammatory cytokine production and more depressive symptoms. The relationship between loneliness and proinflammatory cytokine production was stronger at higher levels of childhood trauma and higher levels of anticipatory grief. The association between loneliness and depressive symptoms was stronger at higher levels of childhood trauma and higher levels of anticipatory grief. These results suggest that loneliness could have more robust effects on adverse health outcomes for caregivers who have experienced more childhood trauma and anticipatory grief. This research contributes to the existing literature investigating the mechanisms that underlie individual differences in health outcomes among dementia spousal caregivers.
Rights
Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Locate the Document
DOI
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107523
Persistent Identifier
https://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/43975
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Citation Details
Brice, K. N., Paoletti-Hatcher, J., Wu-Chung, E. L., Lai, V. D., Argueta, D. L., Chen, M. A., Mahant, I., Denny, B. T., Green, C., Medina, L. D., Schulz, P., Stinson, J., Henry, S. K., Heijnen, C., & Fagundes, C. P. (2025). Heightened risk: Childhood trauma and anticipatory grief exacerbate the impact of loneliness on depressive symptoms and LPS-stimulated cytokines in dementia caregivers. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 179, 107523.
Description
This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published as: Heightened risk: Childhood trauma and anticipatory grief exacerbate the impact of loneliness on depressive symptoms and LPS-stimulated cytokines in dementia caregivers. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 179, 107523.