Determinants of Single Family Residential Water Use Across Scales in Four Western US Cities
Sponsor
This research was supported by the Institute for Sustainable Solution grant at Portland State University.
Published In
Science of The Total Environment
Document Type
Citation
Publication Date
10-15-2017
Abstract
A growing body of literature examines urban water sustainability with increasing evidence that locally-based physical and social spatial interactions contribute to water use. These studies however are based on single-city analysis and often fail to consider whether these interactions occur more generally. We examine a multi-city comparison using a common set of spatially-explicit water, socioeconomic, and biophysical data. We investigate the relative importance of variables for explaining the variations of single family residential (SFR) water uses at Census Block Group (CBG) and Census Tract (CT) scales in four representative western US cities - Austin, Phoenix, Portland, and Salt Lake City, - which cover a wide range of climate and development density. We used both ordinary least squares regression and spatial error regression models to identify the influence of spatial dependence on water use patterns. Our results show that older downtown areas show lower water use than newer suburban areas in all four cities. Tax assessed value and building age are the main determinants of SFR water use across the four cities regardless of the scale. Impervious surface area becomes an important variable for summer water use in all cities, and it is important in all seasons for arid environments such as Phoenix. CT level analysis shows better model predictability than CBG analysis. In all cities, seasons, and spatial scales, spatial error regression models better explain the variations of SFR water use. Such a spatially-varying relationship of urban water consumption provides additional evidence for the need to integrate urban land use planning and municipal water planning. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Locate the Document
DOI
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.164
Persistent Identifier
http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/21872
Citation Details
Chang, H., Bonnette, M. R., Stoker, P., Crow-Miller, B., & Wentz, E. (2017). Determinants of single family residential water use across scales in four western US cities. Science of the Total Environment, 596451-464.
Description
© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.